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Table 3 Crude and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) estimates for hypertension

From: The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study

Variable

- n -

# Hypertensive (%)

Crude PR [95 % CI]

Adjusted PRb [95 % CI]

Population group:

 

Rural residents

165

21 (12.7 %)

1.0

1.0

 

Peri-urban residents

298

70 (23.5 %)

1.85 [1.18–2.90]

2.28 [1.38–3.76]

 

School teachers, Tanzania

168

72 (42.9 %)

3.39 [2.19–5.24]

3.96 [2.22–7.06]

 

Nurses, Nigeria

163

77 (47.2 %)

3.71 [2.41–5.71]

6.49 [2.26–18.7]

 

School teachers, South Africa

478

229 (47.9 %)

3.76 [2.49–5.66]

2.91 [1.56–5.45]

Sex:

 

Males

451

146 (32.4 %)

1.0

1.0

 

Females

821

323 (39.3 %)

1.21 [1.04–1.43]

0.94 [0.76–1.17]

Age (years):

 

18–29

215

40 (18.6 %)

1.0

1.0

 

30–39

294

80 (27.2 %)

1.53 [1.10–2.13]

1.00 [0.65–1.53]

 

40–49

385

147 (38.2 %)

2.11 [1.56–2.85]

1.28 [0.84–1.95]

 

≥50

319

186 (58.3 %)

3.22 [2.41–4.30]

2.20 [1.49–3.25]

Level of education

 

None

49

15 (30.6 %)

1.0

1.0

 

Primary not completed

143

28 (19.6 %)

0.64 [0.38–1.10]

0.81 [0.46–1.43]

 

Primary completed

87

21 (24.1 %)

0.79 [0.45–1.38]

0.62 [0.33–1.17]

 

Secondary school

406

137 (33.7 %)

1.10 [0.71–1.72]

0.54 [0.31–0.93]

 

University or higher

516

229 (44.4 %)

1.46 [0.93–2.21]

0.56 [0.30–1.05]

Family history of hypertension:

 

No

871

290 (33.3 %)

1.0

1.0

 

Yes

401

179 (44.6 %)

1.3 [1.15–1.54]

1.21 [0.96–1.52]

Body mass index (kg/m2):

 

<25.0

409

83 (20.3 %)

1.0

1.0

 

25.0–29.9

367

131 (35.7 %)

1.78 [1.40–2.25]

1.61 [1.18–2.20]

 

≥30.0

407

210 (51.6 %)

2.59 [2.09–3.21]

2.11 [1.56–2.84]

FPGc/DMd category:

 

<6.1

603

168 (27.9 %)

1.0

1.0

 

6.1–6.9

103

28 (27.2 %)

0.92 [0.66–1.27]

0.91 [0.64–1.30]

 

≥7.0, or on DMd Rx

135

80 (59.3 %)

1.94 [1.62–2.31]

1.38 [1.10–1.71]

Met WHOe physical activity recommednations?

 

No

  

1.0

1.0

 

Yes

  

0.60 [0.48–0.75]

2.48 [0.34–18.0]

Tobacco used:

 

Never

845

274 (32.4 %)

1.0

1.0

 

Stopped

104

42 (40.4 %)

1.25 [0.97–1.60]

0.98 [0.73–1.31]

 

Filtered

98

45 (45.9 %)

1.42 [1.12–1.79]

1.21 [0.91–1.60]

 

Unfiltered

23

8 (34.8)

1.07 [0.61–1.89]

1.74 [1.04–2.91]

  1. bAdjusted for Population group, Age, Level of education, BMI, FPG and Tobacco use
  2. cFPG Fasting Plasma Glucose (mmol/L)
  3. dDM Diabetes Mellitus
  4. eWHO World Health Organization
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