Baseline | 3 year follow-up | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Persistent cardiometabolic risk group (n = 80) | Persistent obesity group (n = 63) | Improved cardiometabolic risk group (n = 49) | Persistent cardiometabolic risk group (n = 80) | Persistent obesity group (n = 63) | Improved cardiometabolic risk group (n = 49) | ||
Gender (% male) | 52.5 | 11.1*** | 65.3 | ||||
Ethnicity (% Western European) | 95.0 | 98.4 | 100.0 | ||||
Higher education level (%) | 28.7 | 27.0 | 30.6 | ||||
Age (years) | 49.4 (9.6) | 45.5 (9.2) | 49.7 (10.9) | 52.8 (10.0) | 48.9 (9.2)** | 53.2 (10.8) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.0 (3.6) | 28.8 (3.3) | 28.4 (2.1) | 30.7 (3.7) | 29.3 (3.4)** | 25.9 (2.5)*** | |
Waist circumference (cm) | Men | 112.8 (10) | 106.5 (4) | 105.5 (5) | 109.3 (12.2) | 109.1 (5.3) | 99.1 (3.8)*** |
Women | 101.8 (10) | 95.3 (8) | 92.0 (14) | 98.9 (8.8) | 95.2 (8.8) | 82.0 (14.8)*** | |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | Systolic | 145.9 (17.3) | 119.9 (5.9) | 145.8 (13.5) | 137.9 (14.8) | 122.3 (8.4)*** | 133.6 (10.9) |
Diastolic | 89.6 (7.6) | 75.5 (4.7) | 88.4 (7.6) | 83.9 (7.2) | 75.6 (5.5)*** | 80.9 (7.9) | |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.8 (6) | 0.9 (0) | 1.9 (1) | 2.1 (0.9) | 1.2 (0.5)*** | 1.5 (1.0)*** | |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | Men | 1.0 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.5) |
Women | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.5)*** | 1.4 (0.6)** | |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.2 (1.2) | 4.8 (0.5) | 4.9 (0.9) | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.0 (0.5)*** | 5.0 (0.8)** |