Table 2 Unit cost data for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and related condition (USD 2012)
Treatment and Management of Acute/Chronic Cardiovascular and Related Conditions | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ischemic Heart Disease | ||||||||
| Â | Â | Outpatient Visit (All direct medical costs) [41] | China | 245.40 | Per outpatient visit | China (2003) | $51.36 | Per outpatient visit |
| Â | Â | CABG Procedure (Procedure and Medical Therapy) [32] | South Africa | 11,431.00 | Per patient | US (2001) | $22,500.46 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | CABG Procedure (Procedure only, no medical therapy) [64] | China | 7,300.00 | Per patient | US (2007) | $10,339.01 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | CABG Procedure (Procedure and Medical Therapy) [65] | Armenia | 3,368.19 | Per patient | US (2005) | $5,546.46 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | CABG Procedure (Procedure and Medical Therapy) [66] | India | 8,055.00 | Per patient | US (2006) | $11,630.62 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Stenting Procedure (Procedure only, no medical therapy) [64] | China | 10,000.00 | Per patient | US (2007) | $14,163.03 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Catheter-based revascularization Inpatient Treatment [32] | South Africa | 4,737.00 | Per patient | US (2001) | $9,324.18 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Total operative procedures and examinations [67] | Brazil | 444.29 | Per patient | Brazil (2001) | $455.47 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Coronary Angioplasty Diagnostic Strategy Including Therapy [64] | China | 3,568.00 | Per patient | US (2007) | $5,053.37 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Computed Tomography Angiography and Coronary Angioplasty Diagnostic Strategy [64] | China | 2,971.00 | Per patient | US (2007) | $4,207.84 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit (All direct medical costs) [33] | Argentina | 4,245.39 | Per patient | US (2007) | $4,460.54 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit (All direct medical costs) [41] | China | 11,008.20 | Per inpatient stay | China (2003) | $2,304.00 | Per inpatient stay |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit (All direct medical costs) [68] | Vietnam | 31,400,000.00 | Per inpatient stay | Vietnam (2005) | $3,257.15 | Per inpatient stay |
| Â | Â | Average Inpatient Treatment (All direct medical costs) [32] | South Africa | 5,636.00 | Per patient | US (2001) | $11,093.74 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Additional cost if a CABG or valve replacement surgery results in a hospital-acquired infection [66] | India | 14,818.00 | Per patient | US (2006) | $21,395.72 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Post CHD with CABG (1st year) [32] | South Africa | 1,300.00 | Per year | US (2001) | $2,558.88 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Post CHD with CABG (subsequent years) [32] | South Africa | 600.00 | Per year | US (2001) | $1,181.02 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Post CHD without CABG (1st year) [32] | South Africa | 1,500.00 | Per year | US (2001) | $2,952.56 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Post CHD without CABG (subsequent years) [32] | South Africa | 840.00 | Per year | US (2001) | $1,653.43 | Per patient per year |
Stroke | ||||||||
| Â | Hemorrhagic Stroke | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (Average 11.8 Days LOS) [17] | Turkey | 1,348.00 | Per patient | US (2007) | $1,444.46 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (Average 12 Days LOS) [18] | Brazil | 1,831.00 | Per patient | US (2007) | $2,388.33 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Tertiary Treatment and Follow-Up - Coiling (6Â months) [69] | Pakistan | 304,800.00 | Per patient | Pakistan (2007) | $6,236.79 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Tertiary Treatment and Follow-Up - Endovascular clipping (6Â months) [69] | Pakistan | 187,620.00 | Per patient | Pakistan (2007) | $3,839.06 | Per patient |
| Â | Ischemic Stroke | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (Average 10.4 Days LOS) [17] | Turkey | 956.00 | Per patient | US (2007) | $1,024.41 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (Average 13.3 Days LOS) [18] | Brazil | 1,645.00 | Per patient | US (2007) | $2,145.71 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (Average 18.5 Days LOS) [70] | China | 67.00 | Per patient per day | US (2010) | $77.76 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (Average 18.5 Days LOS) [70] | China | 983.00 | Per patient | US (2010) | $1,140.84 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Diagnostics and preventative care for high-risk patients at a tertiary hospital [71] | China | 435.40 | Per patient per year | US (2010) | $505.31 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Stroke (Non-Specified) | Outpatient Visit [41] | China | 264.80 | Per outpatient visit | China (2003) | $55.42 | Per outpatient visit |
| Â | Â | Direct Medical Costs for Managing a Stroke Patient in Year Following Stroke [72] | Nigeria | 62,217.00 | Per patient | US (2012) | $62,217.00 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Direct Medical and follow up (6-months) [73] | India | 57,381.00 | Per patient | India (2011) | $1,173.80 | Per patient |
|  |  | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care: Average across all wards (3–5 Days Ave. LOS) [31] | Pakistan | 1,179.00 | Per patient | US (2001) | $2,160.99 | Per patient |
|  |  | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care: ICU (3–5 Days LOS) [31] | Pakistan | 3,583.50 | Per patient | US (2001) | $6,568.20 | Per patient |
|  |  | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care: Private Ward (3–5 Days LOS) [31] | Pakistan | 1,248.00 | Per patient | US (2001) | $2,287.46 | Per patient |
|  |  | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care: General Ward (3–5 Days LOS) [31] | Pakistan | 1,010.00 | Per patient | US (2001) | $1,851.23 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (LOS not stated) [32] | South Africa | 8,633.00 | Per patient | US (2001) | $16,992.95 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (LOS not stated) [74] | Tanzania | 138,000.00 | Per patient | Tanzania (2006) | $160.18 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (LOS not stated) [33] | Argentina | 3,455.48 | Per patient | US (2007) | $3,630.60 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (Up to 3 Days LOS) [43] | Congo, Rep. | 158,120.00 | Per patient | Congo, Rep. (2006) | $397.19 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (LOS not stated) [41] | China | 7,953.10 | Per inpatient stay | China (2003) | $1,664.57 | Per inpatient stay |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care: small hospital (Average 20 Days LOS) [20] | China | 7,119.00 | Per inpatient stay | China (2006) | $1,388.31 | Per inpatient stay |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care: tertiary hospital (Average 20 Days LOS) [20] | China | 12,344.00 | Per inpatient stay | China (2006) | $2,407.26 | Per inpatient stay |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Visit for Stroke Care (Average 6.4 Days LOS) [19] | Malaysia | 3,696.40 | Per inpatient stay | Malaysia (2005) | $1,431.57 | Per patient per admission |
Heart Failure | ||||||||
|  |  | Inpatient treatment for heart failure due to systolic or diastolic dysfunction with a Chagas’ cardiomyopathy diagnosis [75] | Brazil | 467.00 | Per day | Brazil (2006) | $324.23 | Per day |
| Â | Â | Outpatient Treatment [76] | Brazil | 14.40 | Per outpatient visit | Brazil (2002) | $13.61 | Per outpatient visit |
| Â | Â | Outpatient Treatment plus medications [76] | Brazil | 557.28 | Per year | Brazil (2002) | $526.79 | Per patient per year |
|  |  | Inpatient treatment for heart failure due to systolic or diastolic dysfunction with Non-Chagas’ cardiomyopathy (other etiologies) [75] | Brazil | 308.00 | Per day | Brazil (2006) | $213.84 | Per day |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Care (Up to 3 Days LOS) [43] | Congo, Rep. | 81,900.00 | Per patient | Congo, Rep. (2006) | $205.73 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Inpatient Care (Average 6.5 Days LOS) [76] | Brazil | 4,033.62 | Per inpatient stay | Brazil (2002) | $3,812.90 | Per inpatient stay |
Neglected Heart Diseases | ||||||||
| Â | Congenital heart disease | Operations and treatments, including pre and post-operative care [67] | Brazil | 1,428.05 | Per patient | Brazil (2001) | $1,463.95 | Per patient |
| Â | Rheumatic Heart Disease | Inpatient Treatment (Average 7 Days LOS) [62] | South Africa | 1,597.00 | Per patient | US (2010) | $1,580.49 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Tertiary care (including inpatient care and surgery) [61] | India | 1,547.17 | Per patient | India (2007) | $46.35 | Per patient |
Type Two Diabetes Mellitus | ||||||||
|  | Diabetic Foot Ulcers | Total treatment [21] | Pakistan | 2,700.00 | Per patient | Pakistan (2005) | 64.15–$1165.65 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Total Treatment (healed) [22] | China | 1,673.00 | Per patient | $Int (2010) | $585.60 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Total Treatment (trans-tibial amputation) [22] | China | 21,372.00 | Per patient | $Int (2010) | $7,480.87 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Total Treatment (healed) [22] | India | 1,192.00 | Per patient | $Int (2010) | $85.51 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Total Treatment (trans-tibial amputation) [22] | India | 19,599.00 | Per patient | $Int (2010) | $1,405.97 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Total Treatment (healed) [22] | Tanzania | 102.00 | Per patient | $Int (2010) | $0.24 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Total Treatment (trans-tibial amputation) [22] | Tanzania | 3,060.00 | Per patient | $Int (2010) | $7.30 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Total Treatment [23] | Nigeria | 93,256.70 | Per patient | Nigeria (2003) | $1,618.55 | Per patient |
| Â | Retinopathy | Retinopathy screening in a primary care setting [24] | South Africa | 22.00 | Per patient | US (2007) | $26.10 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Laser treatment in retinopathy confirmed cases [24] | South Africa | 144.00 | Per patient | US (2007) | $170.85 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Screening Retinal examination at a hospital [25] | India | 5.84 | Per patient | US (2009) | $7.05 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Screening single laser photocoagulation treatment at a hospital [25] | India | 7.51 | Per patient | US (2009) | $9.07 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Screening Using Telescreening in rural areas [25] | India | 7.36 | Per patient | US (2009) | $8.88 | Per patient |
End-Stage Renal Disease | ||||||||
| Â | Â | Dialysis [29] | China | 56,584.00 | Per year | US (2004) | $94,356.62 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Dialysis [29] | Malaysia | 19,054.00 | Per year | US (2004) | $28,871.91 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Dialysis [29] | Thailand | 31,651.00 | Per year | US (2004) | $52,903.20 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | 1 session of hemodialysis in a hospital [27] | Jordan | 72.00 | Per session | US (2010) | $78.76 | Per session |
| Â | Â | Hemodialysis maintenance session in a hospital [26] | Iran, Islamic Rep. | 52.60 | Per session | US (2007) | $96.66 | Per session |
| Â | Â | Hemodialysis in a hospital [28] | Sudan | 15,747.68 | Per patient per year | Sudan (2009) | $8,374.01 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Hemodialysis in a hospital [28] | Sudan | 146.58 | Per patient per session | Sudan (2009) | $77.95 | Per patient per session |
| Â | Â | Renal Transplant (first year expenses) [29] | China | 54,886.00 | Per year | US (2004) | $91,525.12 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Maintenance post index year of transplant patient [29] | China | 27,259.00 | Per year | US (2004) | $45,455.73 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Renal Transplant (first year expenses) [29] | Malaysia | 70,022.00 | Per year | US (2004) | $106,102.06 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Maintenance post index year of transplant patient [29] | Malaysia | 14,111.00 | Per year | US (2004) | $21,381.94 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Renal Transplant (first year expenses) [29] | Thailand | 45,953.00 | Per year | US (2004) | $76,808.34 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Maintenance post index year of transplant patient [29] | Thailand | 19,349.00 | Per year | US (2004) | $32,340.97 | Per patient per year |
| Â | Â | Kidney transplantation, including operation and following year [28] | Sudan | 34,097.85 | Per patient | Sudan (2009) | $18,131.93 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Kidney transplantation, after the first year [28] | Sudan | 24,499.00 | Per patient | Sudan (2009) | $13,027.63 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Transplantation Procedure [30] | Iran, Islamic Rep. | 2,048.00 | Per patient | US (2005) | $4,769.20 | Per patient |
| Â | Â | Total cost (Transplant procedure, 1Â year immunosuppression, donor costs) [30] | Iran, Islamic Rep. | 9,224.00 | Per patient | US (2005) | $21,480.05 | Per patient |