Table 5 Univariate analysis of factors associated with utilization of health care services by females for early detection of reproductive tract malignancies, risk ratios (95 % confidence intervals) and p values
Variable | Attending well woman clinicsa | Performing self-examination of breasts at least once a year | Having undergone mammographyb | Having undergone pap smearc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
In female partner | ||||
Satisfactory knowledge on breast cancer | 2.21 (1.48–3.3), < 0.001 | 1.68 (1.32–2.15), < 0.001 | 1.81 (1.08–3.02), 0.089 | NA |
Satisfactory knowledge on cervical cancer | 3.44 (2.12–5.6), < 0.001 | NA | NA | 1.42 (0.91–2.19), 0.169 |
Satisfactory knowledge on uterine cancer | 4.01 (2.48–6.49), < 0.001 | NA | NA | 1.78 (1.22–2.59), 0.02 |
Family income > Rs. 41,000 | 2.56 (1.64–4.0), < 0.001 | 2.34 (1.71–3.19), < 0.001 | 2.35 (1.54–3.6), 0.011 | 1.77 (1.21–2.57), 0.02 |
Permanent employment | 2.04 (1.52–2.73), < 0.001 | 1.9 (1.52–2.37), < 0.001 | 1.51 (1.02–2.22), 0.174 | 1.5 (1.15–1.97), 0.04 |
Having at least a secondary education | 1.49 (1.22–1.83), 0.003 | 1.32 (1.19–1.45), < 0.001 | 1.43 (1.28–1.6), 0.061 | 1.19 (1.06–1.33), 0.143 |
Having a relative with cancer | 3.62 (1.32–9.93), 0.015 | 2.18 (1.15–4.18), 0.021 | 3.24 (1.13–9.24), 0.072 | 2.18 (0.94–5.06), 0.087 |
In male partner | ||||
Satisfactory knowledge on breast cancer | 4.07 (2.46–6.73), < 0.001 | 1.74 (1.29–2.34), < 0.001 | 2.45 (1.43–4.19), 0.02 | NA |
Satisfactory knowledge on cervical cancer | 4.43 (2.57–7.64), < 0.001 | NA | NA | 1.47 (0.91–2.39), 0.157 |
Satisfactory knowledge on uterine cancer | 4.39 (2.37–8.11), < 0.001 | NA | NA | 0.92 (0.45–1.87), 1.000 |
Permanent employment | 1.44 (1.13–1.83), 0.015 | 1.63 (1.37–1.93), < 0.001 | 1.37 (1.05–1.78), 0.273 | 1.38 (1.13–1.69), 0.03 |
Having at least a secondary education | 1.52 (1.26–1.84), 0.001 | 1.29 (1.16–1.43), < 0.001 | 1.45 (1.29–1.62), 0.059 | 1.21 (1.08–1.35), 0.07 |
Having a relative with cancer | 5.75 (2.53–13.09), < 0.001 | 1.37 (0.83–2.27), 0.262 | 2.15 (0.79–5.89), 0.170 | 1.42 (0.63–3.2), 0.378 |
Awareness of well woman clinics | 2.6 (1.89–3.59), < 0.001 | 1.72 (1.37–2.16), < 0.001 | 1.92 (1.43–2.57), 0.016 | 1.25 (0.87–1.78), 0.28 |
Awareness of Pap smears | 2.83 (1.85–4.33), < 0.001 | NA | NA | 1.22 (0.76–1.96), 0.435 |
Awareness of self-examination of breasts | 2.15 (1.64–2.8), < 0.001 | 1.56 (1.31–1.85), < 0.001 | NA | NA |
Awareness of mammography | 3.93 (2.29–6.72), <0.001 | NA | 2.91 (1.86–4.56), 0.003 | NA |
Active encouragement of partner to attend a well woman clinica | 5.01 (2.87–8.73), < 0.001 | 1.72 (1.24–2.37), 0.001 | 2.78 (1.79–4.33), 0.004 | 1.62 (1.03–2.53), 0.091 |