Table 1 Summary statistics of included variables in the 62 statistical districts and the three time periods

Employment/Unemployment

Employment rate [%]

48.2; 48.4; 50.1

Proportions of regular employees of the employable population (>15 to <65 years) with primary residence in Dortmund.

Employment trend [%]

3.5; 5.9; 7

Number of regular employees with primary residence in Dortmund in a five-year trend/comparison in percent.

Unemployment rate (foreigner) [%]

12.6; 12.5; 12.7

Proportion of unemployed, foreign persons of the employable, foreign population (>15 to <65 years) in percent.

Unemployment rate (<25 aged) [%]

4.2; 4.5; 4.3

Proportion of unemployed young persons (15 to < 25 years) of the population in the same age group.

Unemployment rate (long-term) [%]

44.8; 41.3; 44.7

Proportion of long-term unemployed persons (>12 months) to all unemployed persons in percent.

Demography

Female population [%]

51.7; 51.5; 51.5

Proportion of women to all inhabitants with primary residence in Dortmund.

Foreign residents [%]

7.5; 7.1; 7.7

Proportion of persons without German nationality to all inhabitants with primary residence in Dortmund.

Youth quotient

20.5; 20; 19

Number of persons aged < 15 years per 100 persons aged 15 to < 65 years.

Quotient of elderly

32.7; 32.7; 31.6

Number of persons aged > 65 years per 100 persons aged 15 to < 65 years.

Birth rate

8; 7.4; 7.5

Number of births per 1000 inhabitants with primary residence in Dortmund by December 31. of each year.

Mortality rate

10.4; 10.5; 10.5

Number of deaths per 1000 inhabitants with primary residence in Dortmund by December 31. of each year.

Social affairs

Long-term social welfare (“Hartz IV”) rate [%]

10.3; 11.9; 11.6

Proportions of unemployed (>12 months) persons (<65 years) with demand for basic financial benefits (Arbeitslosengeld II) of the residential population.

Living/habitation

Social housing rate [%]

8; 5.4; 6.2

Proportion of council-sponsored apartments on all rental appartements in percent.

Living space per person

39.6; 40.2; 40.4

The total living space in [m²] divided by the number of inhabitants with primary and secondary residence in Dortmund.