Table 2 Multivariate analyses of children’s height-for-age z-score using pooled CHNS data 1993–2009

Urban residency

0.23***

0.12***

0.01

Urban hukou

0.25***

0.18***

0.14***

Urban residency × urban hukou

0.16**

Health insurance

0.15***

0.15***

0.15***

0.15***

Child age: 0–5

reference

reference

reference

reference

Child age: 6–11

−0.04

−0.06

−0.06

−0.06

Child age: 12–17

−0.19***

−0.21***

−0.20***

−0.20***

Girl

−0.02

−0.02

−0.02

−0.02

Han

0.00

−0.00

−0.01

−0.01

Student

0.06*

0.05*

0.05*

0.05*

Living with mother

−0.09

−0.12

−0.12

−0.12

Living with father

0.32***

0.30***

0.30***

0.30***

Living with grandparents

0.13***

0.12***

0.11***

0.11***

Household income: <10,000

reference

reference

reference

reference

Household income: 10,001–20,000

0.07***

0.06**

0.07**

0.07**

Household income: 20,001–30,000

0.15***

0.14***

0.14***

0.14***

Household income: >30,000

0.14***

0.12***

0.13***

0.13***

Household head is male

−0.11**

−0.09*

−0.09*

−0.09*

Household size

−0.05***

−0.05***

−0.05***

−0.05***

Mother’s age

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Mother’s height

0.04***

0.04***

0.04***

0.04***

Mother’s BMI

0.04***

0.04***

0.04***

0.04***

  < primary school

reference

reference

reference

reference

 Primary school

−0.03

−0.03

−0.04

−0.04

 Middle school

0.03

0.01

0.00

0.01

 High school

0.09**

0.06

0.05

0.05

 College

0.05

0.01

−0.01

−0.01

Father’s age

0.01***

0.01**

0.01**

0.01**

Father’s height

0.04***

0.04***

0.04***

0.04***

Father’s BMI

0.02***

0.02***

0.02***

0.02***

  < primary school

reference

reference

reference

reference

 Primary school

0.08*

0.07*

0.07*

0.07

 Middle school

0.09**

0.08*

0.08*

0.07*

 High school

0.11**

0.10**

0.10**

0.09**

 College

0.33***

0.31***

0.30***

0.29***

N

9745

9616

9616

9616