A systematic review of studies evaluating Australian indigenous community development projects: the extent of community participation, their methodological quality and their outcomes

Table 3 Number of studies across the levels of community participation and phases of project development

Seven levels of community participation	Four phases of project development
Seven levels of community participation	Diagnosis	Development	Implementation	Evaluation
1. No participation	7
2. Passive participation	1	3		2
3. Participation by information	2	3		6
4. Participation by consultation	1	5	10	14
Least active involvement sub-total (levels 1–4)	11	11	10	22
5. Functional participation	1	4	8	4
6. Interactive participation	3	4	5	3
7. Self-mobilisation	6	5	4	0
Most active involvement sub-total (levels 5–7)	10	13	17	7
Unknown	10	7	4	2
Total	31	31	31	31

Note: No participation = community did not participate
Passive participation = the community was only informed about the project
Participation by information = information was collected from the community without their participation and without providing feedback. Participation by consultation = information was collected from the community, feedback was given and further inclusion of community was sought
Functional participation = community collaboration on outsider’s terms
Interactive participation = collaboration on mutually defined terms
Self-mobilisation = outsider’s work in community on community’s terms [32, 34]

ISSN: 1471-2458