Table 3 Age-sex-adjusted associations of inadequate sleep with sociodemographics, health risks, and comorbid conditions in the white stratum (1983-2009)

Education (Reference: ≥ High School)

2.04 (1.83,2.28)^b

1.06 (1.01,1.10)^b

1.89 (1.79,2.01)^b

Marital status (Reference: Married)

 Widowed

2.31 (1.92,2.77)^b

1.43 (1.32,1.53)^b

1.51 (1.35,1.69)^b

 Divorced

2.72 (2.41,3.07)^b

1.58 (1.51,1.65)^b

1.19 (1.11,1.28)^b

 Separated

3.90 (3.20,4.76)^b

1.64 (1.50,1.78)^b

1.29 (1.21,1.49)^b

 Single

1.35 (1.17,1.56)^b

0.96 (0.92,1.00)

1.68 (1.59,1.79)^b

Total family income (Reference: ≥ 35K)

2.08 (1.89,2.30)^b

1.06 (1.03,1.09)^b

1.79 (1.69,1.88)^b

Poverty status (Reference: Above)

2.95 (2.60,3.34)^b

1.20 (1.14,1.26)^b

1.94 (1.80,2.08)^b

Smoking status (Reference: Never)

1.06 (1.05,1.07)^b

1.03 (1.03,1.03)^b

1.04 (1.03,1.04)^b

Alcohol consumption (Reference: Never)

 Former

2.12 (1.74,2.57)^b

1.59 (1.49,1.69)^b

1.37 (1.24,1.51)^b

 Current

1.00 (0.87,1.15)

1.30 (1.24,1.36)^b

0.80 (0.75,0.86)^b

Physical activity (Reference: Yes)^a

4.35 (3.48,5.44)^b

1.52 (1.33,1.75)^b

3.12 (2.61,3.75)^b

Emotional distress (Reference: No)^a

9.73 (7.18,13.17)^b

2.46 (1.98,3.07)^b

3.17 (2.34,4.25)^b

Body mass index (Reference: Normal)

 Overweight

1.23 (1.10,1.39)^b

1.18 (1.14,1.22)^b

0.98 (0.93,1.04)

 Obesity

2.12 (1.88,2.39)^b

1.57 (1.51,1.64)^b

1.19 (1.12,1.27)^b

Comorbid conditions:

 Cancer

1.69 (1.42,2.02)^b

1.13 (1.05,1.21)^b

1.50 (1.34,1.68)^b

 Diabetes

2.22 (1.88,2.63)^b

1.23 (1.15,1.32)^b

1.97 (1.77,2.18)^b

 Hypertension

2.11 (1.90,2.36)^b

1.28 (1.23,1.32)^b

1.50 (1.42,1.59)^b

 Kidney disease

3.27 (2.40,4.47)^b

0.58 (0.49,0.67)^b

1.81 (1.47,2.24)^b

 Heart attack (MI)

3.05 (2.30,3.88)^b

1.26 (1.12,1.42)^b

2.58 (2.19,3.04)^b

 Coronary heart disease

2.34 (1.88,2.91)^b

1.16 (1.05,1.29)^b

2.24 (1.93,2.61)^b

 Stroke

4.47 (3.56,5.63)^b

1.47 (1.31,1.66)^b

3.26 (2.81,3.78)^b