Table 1 Categories and risk factors for structural interventions for intimate partner violence
Category | Risk factor | Potential structural interventions |
|---|---|---|
Economic | Poverty [47] | Microfinance programs for women [37] |
Limited economic opportunity [48] | ||
Interpersonal (dyadic) economic inequality [49]: male control of family finances or wealth, women's economic dependence, and male unemployment with female employment [47] | Unconditional and conditional cash transfer programs [29] | |
Physical | Isolation of women to private spaces and limited public roles for women [49] | Community meeting spaces for women and girls [50] |
Politico-Legal | Legislation and practices that reinforce female subordination and discrimination (e.g., dowry, child marriage, restricted property rights) [54–57] | Legislation to facilitate women’s access to divorce [49] |
Legislation to protect survivors and prosecute perpetrators [49] | ||
Training for and monitoring of criminal justice and legal professionals on IPV-related policies and legislation [49] | ||
Limited sensitivity and awareness among service providers, law enforcement, and judicial actors [49, 58, 59] | ||
Limited legal support for women and survivors of violence [49] | ||
Social | Social isolation [47] and limited freedom of movement | Social empowerment through community activities [49] |
Gender norms supporting male dominance [49]: existence or transgression of rigid gender roles [47, 49] | ||
Transformation of gender norms among men [61] |