Table 3 Adjusted mixed model analysis with low back pain as dependent variable

Gender

 Man

Ref

 Woman

0.22

0.10

−0.05

0.48

Age

0.06

0.08

−0.01

0.14

Tobacco status

 No

Ref

 Yes

0.09

0.17

−0.04

0.21

Education/profession

 Electrician

Ref

 Hairdresser

−0.07

0.64

−0.38

0.24

 Media/Design

0.003

0.98

−0.26

0.27

Ethnicity

 Non-western

Ref

 Western

−0.09

0.50

−0.30

0.15

Socioeconomic background

 Low

Ref

 Moderate or high

0.01

0.92

−0.20

0.22

Physical activity level

 Low

Ref

 Moderate/high

−0.08

0.08

−0.17

0.01

BMI (kg/m²)

0.03

<0.01

0.01

0.05

Physical work demands

 Low

Ref

 Moderate

0.13

0.20

−0.07

0.33

 High

0.23

0.27

−0.18

0.65

Time

 T0

Ref

 T2

−0.20

<0.01

−0.32

−0.08

 T6

−0.24

<0.001

−0.37

−0.12

 T5

−0.27

<0.001

−0.40

−0.14

 T7

−0.29

<0.001

−0.43

−0.15

 T11

−0.24

<0.01

−0.39

−0.09

 T14

−0.48

<0.001

−0.65

−0.31

 T17

−0.39

<0.001

−0.56

−0.21

 T20

−0.24

<0.01

−0.40

−0.08