Table 5 Univariate analyses of demographic, psychosocial and maternal-related risk factors for paternal anxiety in early, late pregnancy and 6 week postpartum

Mean (SD)

t

p

Mean (SD)

t

p

Mean (SD)

t

p

 Parity

1.30

0.20

0.84

0.40

0.41

0.68

  Primigravida

3.67 (3.64)

3.89 (3.37)

3.92 (3.73)

  Multigravida

3.27 (3.19)

3.57 (3.04)

3.70 (3.39)

 Education Level

−0.21

0.83

−0.70

0.48

−0.22

0.83

  Secondary

3.50 (3.75)

3.66 (3.16)

3.76 (3.85)

  Tertiary or above

3.56 (3.32)

3.92 (3.32)

3.87 (3.45)

F

p

F

p

F

p

 Family income (HK$/month)

0.18

0.84

1.33

0.27

2.14

0.12

  <20,000

3.58 (3.88)

3.17 (2.77)

2.85 (3.41)

  20,000–30,000

3.69 (3.80)

3.96 (3.35)

4.36 (3.82)

  >30,000

3.49 (3.24)

3.97 (3.36)

3.98 (3.52)

N

r

p

N

r

p

N

r

p

 Age

588

−0.06

0.15

308

−0.11

0.06

198

−.002

0.98

Mean (SD)

t

p

Mean (SD)

t

p

Mean (SD)

t

p

 Planned/unplanned pregnancy

−1.44

0.15

2.26

0.13

.003

0.96

  Planned pregnancy

3.45 (3.45)

3.69 (3.13)

3.89 (3.64)

  Unplanned pregnancy

4.00 (3.71)

4.43 (3.77)

3.67 (3.43)

 Marital dissatisfaction

5.33

.000**

14.7

.000**

16.8

.000**

3

7

  Marital distress

6.04 (4.84)

5.49 (3.58)

6.39 (4.11)

  Marital non distress

3.14 (3.05)

3.51 (3.13)

3.48 (3.36)

N

r

p

N

r

p

β

t

p

 Self-Esteem

588

−0.33

.000**

314

−0.43

.000**

−0.55

−9.12

.000**

 Social Support

597

−0.16

.000**

332

−0.36

.000**

−0.43

−6.66

.000**

 Work family conflict

572

0.33

.000**

306

0.45

.000**

0.44

6.54

.000**

 Partners’ mental health

N

r

p

N

r

p

β

t

p

 Depression

542

0.13

.002*

290

0.13

.025*

0.24

3.21

.002*

 Anxiety

539

0.12

.004*

299

0.14

.015*

0.29

4.04

.000**