Table 3 Factors associated with waterpipe smoking and chewing tobacco use, PDHS 2012–2013
Characteristics | Waterpipe Smokers | Chewing Tobacco Users | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR | 95 % CI | Adjusted OR | 95 % CI | Crude OR | 95 % CI | Adjusted OR | 95 % CI | |
Age in years (categorical) | ||||||||
15–24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
25–35 | 2.03**** | 1.33–3.10 | 2.32**** | 1.52–3.53 | 1.81* | 0.96–3.44 | 1.77* | 0.94–3.32 |
>35 | 4.83**** | 2.69–8.64 | 4.68**** | 2.62–8.37 | 3.61**** | 1.91–6.80 | 3.19**** | 1.69–6.00 |
Place of residence | ||||||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Rural | 3.2**** | 1.89–5.40 | 0.99 | 0.56–1.73 | 1.26 | 0.82–1.93 | 0.63** | 0.39–0.99 |
Highest education level | ||||||||
Sec./Higher | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Primary | 4.77**** | 2.16–10.52 | 3.18*** | 1.38–7.31 | 2.43** | 1.21–4.84 | 2.56** | 1.23–5.30 |
No education | 22.87**** | 12.59–41.55 | 9.19**** | 5.10–16.54 | 5.87**** | 3.47–9.91 | 4.94**** | 2.62–9.33 |
Wealth index | ||||||||
Richer/Richest | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Middle | 3.45**** | 1.98–6.01 | 2.13** | 1.18–3.83 | 1.28 | 0.82–2.00 | 0.97 | 0.61–1.54 |
Poorer/Poorest | 7.06**** | 3.88–12.84 | 4.03**** | 2.08–7.81 | 2.3**** | 1.52–3.47 | 1.64** | 1.07–2.48 |
Access to media | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.58** | 0.36–0.91 | 1.49* | 0.93–2.37 | 0.57**** | 0.41–0.78 | 0.93 | 0.67–1.29 |
Visit to health facility last 12 months | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.34**** | 0.21–0.54 | 0.36**** | 0.22–0.55 | 1.68*** | 1.13–2.49 | 1.81*** | 1.22–2.70 |
Women’s employment status | ||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.92*** | 1.27–2.88 | 1.31 | 0.89–1.91 | 1.65*** | 1.16–2.33 | 1.20 | 0.84–1.70 |