Challenges of the epidemiological and economic burdens associated with hypertension in middle income countries: evidence from Mexico

Table 4 Direct, indirect and total costs (in US$) for health care service providers and users attributable to hypertension expected for the year 2016 in Mexico

Item of cost
	SSA^a	IMSS	ISSSTE	Users	TOTAL
Direct costs
Consultations/diagnosis	45,733,525	87,930,959	35,154,160	182,994,757	358,813,400
Drugs	61,522,443	102,586,116	41,013,184	213,493,698	418,615,441
Hospitalisation	48,339,063	80,603,376	32,224,645	167,744,730	328,911,814
Nephropathy	152,268,051	253,900,637	101,507,633	528,396,746	1,036,073,067
Nonfatal myocardial infarction	69,212,750	115,409,380	46,139,832	240,180,130	470,942,093
Nonfatal stroke	55,370,201	92,327,505	36,911,866	192,143,650	376,753,221
Total direct	439,446,033	732,757,971	292,951,320	1,524,953,711	2,990,109,035
Indirect costs
Mortality	73,130,538	121,884,230	35,752,658	253,717,405	497,485,864
Permanent disability	360,777,319	601,295,532	240,518,212	1,251,676,210	2,454,267,274
Temporary disability	53,629,060	89,381,768	48,753,692	186,059,662	364,823,148
Total indirect	487,536,917	812,561,530	325,024,561	1691,453,277	3316,576,285
Total costs	926,982,959	1545,319,501	617,975,882	3216,406,987	6,306,685,320

Source: Arredondo et al. (2014) [17] Costos y consecuencias financieras del cambio en el perfil epidemiológico en México. INSP–University of Montreal-International Development Research Centre, 1999–2009. Update of probabilistic models, January 2015
Exchange rate: January 2015, 1 US$ = 14.85 Mexican $
^aSSA Ministry of Health, IMSS Mexican Institute for Social Security, ISSSTE Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers, Users pocket payment

ISSN: 1471-2458