Six-months follow-up of a cluster randomized trial of school-based smoking prevention education programs in Aceh, Indonesia

Table 3 Outcomes at 6 months follow-up and comparison between intervention and control groups (n = 427)

Outcome measures	Health (n = 109)	Islamic (n = 101)	Combined (n = 110)	Control (n = 107)	p – values
Health knowledge	11.3 ± 1.9***	11.7 ± 2.0***	10.9 ± 1.9***	8.9 ± 2.4	<0.001
Islamic knowledge	11.5 ± 2.5	14.5 ± 1.6***	12.0 ± 2.8	11.6 ± 2.2	<0.001
Smoking attitude	39.2 ± 7.9***	34.9 ± 7.2***	38.4 ± 6.6***	41.4 ± 8.7	<0.001
Smoking intention next year	1.3 ± 0.8***	1.0 ± 0.2***	1.3 ± 0.6**	1.5 ± 0.8	<0.001
Smoking intention in senior high school	1.5 ± 0.6*	1.0 ± 0.2***	1.4 ± 0.7***	1.6 ± 0.8	<0.001
Smoking intentions when older	1.5 ± 0.6	1.2 ± 0.5***	1.4 ± 0.7*	1.6 ± 0.8	<0.001
Past 7 days’ smoking behaviors	1.1 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.0	1.1 ± 0.4	0.38
Past month’s smoking behaviors	1.1 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.0	1.0 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.4	0.14
Lifetime smoking behaviors	2.1 ± 2.2	1.2 ± 0.7*	1.4 ± 1.0	1.7 ± 1.3	0.01

Note: p values were obtained using ANCOVA tests, controlling for baseline. Total scores for health and Islamic knowledge ranged from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge; attitude scores ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicated more favorable attitudes towards smoking; smoking intentions scores ranged from 1 (“certainly not”) to 5 (“certain to smoke”); the past week smoking scores ranged from 1 (no cigarettes) to 6 (smoked six cigarettes or more); the past month’s smoking behavior scores ranged from 1 (none) to 7 (smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day), and; the lifetime smoking behavior scores ranged from 1 (never) to 9 (smoked more than 100 cigarettes)
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with control group. All values are presented as mean ± SD

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