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Table 1 Description of characteristics for the whole Paquid cohort and the three classes of subjects defined by the joint latent class analysis

From: Social activity, cognitive decline and dementia risk: a 20-year prospective cohort study

 

Non-decliners

 

Moderate decliners

 

Fast decliners

 

All

  
 

(N = 1997)

(N = 611)

(N = 246)

(N = 2854)

 
 

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

P*

Demographics

         

Sex (male)

857

43

235

38

90

37

1182

41

0.65

Education

        

0.06

 Low

650

33

180

29

79

32

909

32

 

 Medium

1112

56

377

62

145

59

1634

57

 

 High

235

12

54

9

22

9

311

11

 

Marital status

        

0.11

 Married

1160

58

355

58

148

60

1663

58

 

 Divorced/Separated

692

35

202

33

78

32

972

34

 

 Widowed

87

4

31

5

18

7

136

5

 

 Single

58

3

23

4

2

1

83

3

 

Social activity

         

Social engagement

        

0.11

 Low

593

30

208

34

89

36

890

31

 

 Medium

940

47

275

45

104

42

1319

46

 

 High social

464

23

128

21

53

22

645

23

 

Large social network

966

48

298

49

113

46

1377

48

0.91

Satisfied with social relations

331

17

128

21

58

24

517

18

0.47

Feel understood by others

1592

80

456

75

179

73

2227

78

0.49

Dementia and death

         

Dementia diagnosisa

157

8

423

69

203

83

783

27

<0.001

Deathsa

1488

75

485

79

227

92

2200

77

<0.001

Health variables

         

Ischemic heart disease

421

21

127

21

39

16

587

21

0.59

Stroke

80

4

36

6

24

10

140

5

0.22

Diabetes

155

8

48

8

26

11

229

8

0.69

Depression

203

10

94

15

51

21

348

12

0.10

IADLs

484

24

164

27

86

35

734

26

0.21

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

P

Demographics

         

Age (years)

77.2

7.1

77.1

6.0

74.3

4.8

77.0

6.8

<0.001

Cognitive test data

         

 MMSE

26.8

2.7

25.1

4.5

23.4

6.8

26.2

3.9

<0.001

 BVRT

11.0

2.4

10.0

2.7

9.9

3.1

10.7

2.6

<0.001

 DSST

29.8

12.0

24.7

11.4

24.3

11.9

28.4

12.1

<0.001

 IST

28.5

6.0

25.8

6.7

23.9

7.1

27.8

6.4

<0.001

 WPA

4.2

1.6

3.7

1.6

3.7

1.7

4.0

1.6

<0.001

 SIM

6.8

2.9

5.7

3.1

5.5

3.3

6.5

3.0

<0.001

  1. MMSE Mini-mental state examination, BVRT Benton Visual Retention Task, DST Digit Symbol Substitution Test, IST Isaac’s Set Test, WPA Wechsler Paired Associates, SIM Similarities, IADLs Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, SD standard deviation. All variables were assessed at the study baseline with the exception of dementia diagnosis and death
  2. *P-value for the chi-squared test for independence between education, sex, engagement/perception variables, and additional covariates in the three latent classes
  3. ANOVA P-value for differences in continuous traits in the three latent classes
  4. aDementia diagnosis and survival were assessed during the study follow-up