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Table 1 Summary statistics for the study sample

From: Tobacco use and household expenditures on food, education, and healthcare in low- and middle-income countries: a multilevel analysis

Variables

Unweighted mean or % distribution

Crude tobacco use prevalencea (%)

Tobacco use

 

—

No use

56.87

 

Daily

31.82

 

Occasional

11.30

 

Age (in years), mean

38.7

—

Level of education

  

High school/College/University/Postgraduate degree completed

22.08

41.27

Secondary completed

25.57

41.43

Primary completed

21.23

45.37

No formal education or lower than primary level

31.13

44.30

Household wealth quintile

  

5th (highest)

19.10

35.95

4th

19.64

39.98

3rd

19.84

44.12

2nd

20.14

45.52

1st (lowest)

21.28

49.27

Marital status

  

Currently married

77.71

44.07

Never married

10.19

37.53

Separated/Divorced/Widowed

4.80

48.25

Co-habiting

7.29

37.52

Urban–rural setting

  

Urban/Semi-urban

47.04

41.02

Rural

52.96

45.00

Country-level income groupb

  

Less poor (Lower-middle and upper-middle income)

54.91

43.95

Poorer (Low income)

45.09

42.12

Region

  

Africa

28.36

26.40

Americas

29.24

35.97

Eastern Mediterranean

5.25

47.00

Europe

5.59

59.94

Southeast Asia

16.33

59.91

Western Pacific

15.23

62.50

  1. Notes: The study sample consists of male respondents (age < 60) who are the main household income providers from low-and middle-income countries in the World Health Survey (WHS), N = 53,625. aPrevalence of daily and occasional tobacco use combined. bCountry-level income group classification was based on data from The World Bank (Fiscal Year 2004) which corresponds to WHS data for calendar year 2002. High-income countries were excluded