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Table 1 Percentage of newborn babies breastfed within the first hour of birth according to the background characteristics. Children born within 5 years before the surveys NDHS 2001, 2006 and 2011

From: The effect of mother’s educational status on early initiation of breastfeeding: further analysis of three consecutive Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys

Characteristics

Totala

Pooled (n = 12,845)

NDHS 2011(n = 4116)

NDHS 2006(n = 4051)

NDHS 2001(n = 4678)

 
 

%

(n)

% early breastfed

% early breastfed

% early breastfed

% early breastfed

Survey year

      

 2001

36.42

4678

31.27

   

 2006

31.54

4051

35.26

   

 2011

32.05

4116

44.49

   

Mother’s education

      

 No education

58.68

7537

31.55

34.42

31.54

30.04

 Primary

17.5

2248

38.54

45.1

37.38

31.69

 Secondary/higher

23.82

3060

48.29

56.33

42.73

37.57

Place of residence

      

 Urban

9.89

1270

41.44

48.42

39.44

35.89

 Rural

90.11

11,575

36.25

44.05

34.63

30.92

Ecological zone

      

 Mountain

7.79

1001

37.62

47.82

31.26

35.01

 Hill

41.2

5292

40.29

46.91

32.65

41.24

 Terai

51.01

6552

33.78

42.16

38.08

22.44

Development region

      

 Eastern

22.97

2950

36

48.28

32.84

27.35

 Central

31.93

4101

26.65

34.86

33.6

13.6

Western

19.29

2478

38.88

49.08

35.61

32.38

 Mid-western

13.98

1796

48.62

45

32.38

63.85

 Far-western

11.83

1520

48.08

54.73

44.7

46.23

Mother’s occupation

      

 Not working

20.84

2677

35.35

42.59

38.07

21.65

 Agriculture

75.33

9676

36.88

44.61

34.15

33.25

 Paid Jobs

3.83

492

42.29

58.85

41.87

30.91

Father’s education

      

 No education

26.74

3435

29.23

31.27

32.83

26.05

 Primary

25.69

3300

34.99

41.1

33.01

31.81

 Above secondary

46.41

5961

42.34

51.09

37.94

36.02

 Don’t know

1.16

149

26.49

34.21

25.9

24.96

Ethnicity

      

 Advantaged

29.99

3852

43.24

51.18

33.21

44.92

 Relatively disadvantaged

41.07

5275

38.71

45.32

40.87

30.57

 Disadvantaged

15.52

1994

33.65

38.77

31.4

30.71

 Madheshi and others

13.42

1724

19.95

29.85

27.03

9.41

Wealth quintile

      

 Poorest

20.91

2686

32.44

38.12

29.73

28.52

 Poorer

20.55

2640

35.86

40.32

37.59

29.6

 Middle

19.41

2493

37.57

43.05

34.68

34.71

 Richer

19.63

2521

37.71

50.88

34.98

30.24

 Richest

19.49

2503

40.61

54.47

41.1

32.76

Age of mother

      

 14–19 years

7.96

1022

36.06

45.26

39.54

24.65

 20–34 years

61.29

7873

38.26

46.84

35.66

32.39

 35–49 years

30.75

3950

33.97

39.03

33.16

30.9

ANC visit

      

 No Visits

31.71

4053

31.59

33.51

28.49

32.47

 1–3 visits

37.71

4820

33.87

38.36

36.36

27.21

 4 or more

30.59

3910

45.92

52.33

40.04

36.64

Sex of child

      

 Male

51.79

6652

37.03

44.98

35.39

31.11

 Female

48.21

6193

36.48

43.94

35.12

31.42

Birth order of child

      

 First

26.01

3341

38.46

47.12

37.65

27.81

 Second

25.8

3314

41.14

50.11

37.93

34.74

 Third or more

48.19

6190

33.51

38.63

32.25

31.15

Multiple birth

      

 Single birth

98.8

12,691

36.96

44.82

35.53

31.31

 Multiple births

1.2

154

20.95

21.63

18.14

25.31

Size at birth

      

 Very small/small

59.51

7644

35.84

43.96

33.79

29.23

 Average

18.62

2392

35.84

42.67

31.64

34.63

 Larger

21.81

2801

40.03

47.82

41.81

33.04

Place of delivery

      

 Home

76.35

9807

33.82

37.97

34.2

31.05

 Health facility

21.97

2822

47.72

55.11

39.68

35.45

 Others

1.67

215

27.37

31.02

33.6

21.44

Mode of delivery

      

 Vaginal

96.93

12,451

37.22

45.46

35.87

31.4

 Caesarean

3.07

394

22.56

27.04

16.14

19.42

  1. anumbers and percentages after adjusting for sample weight and cluster sampling design