Active smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke and their relationship to depressive symptoms in the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES)

Table 3 Association between secondhand smoking and depression with different exposure duration

Characteristics	Male		Female
Characteristics	Case N (weighted %)	OR^a (95 % CI)	Case N (weighted %)	OR^a (95 % CI)
Workplace exposure (N = men 14,766, women 19,804)
No exposure	859 (54.8)	1.00 (ref)	2,879 (77.2)	1.00 (ref)
<1 hour/day	389 (29.4)	0.92 (0.77–1.09)	470 (14.0)	0.89 (0.76–1.04)
≥1 hour/day	208 (15.8)	1.23 (0.97–1.54)	246 (8.8)	1.32 (1.06–1.64)
	p-trend	0.256	p-trend	0.159
Home exposure (N = men 14,846, women 20,194)
No exposure	1,359 (91.5)	1.00 (ref)	2,896 (75.4)	1.00 (ref)
<1 hour/day	81 (6.6)	0.90 (0.65–1.23)	2,083 (17.1)	1.18 (1.02–1.35)
≥1 hour/day	24 (2.0)	1.21 (0.69–2.13)	215 (7.5)	1.71 (1.34–2.18)
	p-trend	0.977	p-trend	<0.001

^aAdjusted for age, marital status, education, employment status, self-reported stress, self-rated health, alcohol dependence (AUDIT) and past diagnosis of depression by physicians

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