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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by depression status in KNHANES 2007−2012

From: Active smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke and their relationship to depressive symptoms in the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES)

(N=, weighted N=)

 

Men (N = 14,886, weighted N = 18,449,986)

 

Women (N = 20,241, weighted N = 18,929,457)

 
 

depression (−) (N = 13,418) (Weighted N = 16,715,177)

depression (+) (N = 1,468) (Weighted N = 1,734,808)

P-value

depression (−) (N = 16,583) (Weighted N = 15,575,753)

depression (+) (N = 3,658) (Weighted N = 3,353,704)

P-value

General factors

Weighted %

Weighted %

 

Weighted %

Weighted %

 

Smoking status

  

0.015

  

<0.001

 Current smoker

      

 Exposed to SHS

34.9

37.8

 

4.9

9.1

 

 Not Exposed to SHS

26.6

29.8

 

4.2

6.4

 

 Former smoker

      

 Exposed to SHS

8.4

7.6

 

1.3

2.1

 

 Not Exposed to SHS

10.0

8.7

 

2

2.3

 

 Never smoker

      

 Exposed to SHS

9.6

8.0

 

31.5

31.5

 

 Not Exposed to SHS

10.6

8.1

 

56.1

48.6

 

Age

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

 19−39

43.7

36.2

 

41.0

33.0

 

 40−59

39.8

43.3

 

38.5

39.2

 

 ≥60

16.6

20.5

 

20.5

27.8

 

Marital status

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

 Never married

25.7

25.5

 

17.5

15.0

 

 Married-living with partner

70.3

64.4

 

67.7

61.0

 

 Married-others

4.0

10.1

 

14.8

24.0

 

Education attainment

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

 <6 years

12.0

19.7

 

24.1

35.4

 

 6−8 years

10.0

13.4

 

9.8

11.7

 

 9−11 years

42.2

41.2

 

37.7

33.5

 

 ≥12 years

35.9

25.7

 

28.5

19.4

 

Employment status

  

<0.001

  

0.002

 Wage working

49.4

38.3

 

32.4

28.7

 

 Self-supporting

26.9

29.1

 

11.1

10.8

 

 House-employed

1.6

2.5

 

5.9

5.8

 

 No financial activity

22.0

30.0

 

20.6

54.6

 

Number of family members

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

 Living alone

4.9

7.7

 

6.2

9.3

 

 Living with one family member

19.4

20.5

 

19.2

22.9

 

 Living with two family members

26.8

26.8

 

24.6

25.9

 

 Living with ≥3 family members

48.8

45.0

 

49.9

41.9

 

Body mass index (kg/m2)

  

0.5

  

0.018

 <18.5

3.0

3.5

 

6.7

6.5

 

 18.5−22.9

34.9

36.1

 

45.1

42.7

 

 23−24.9

25.6

26.1

 

20.8

20.8

 

 25−29.9

32.2

31.1

 

23.2

24.5

 

 ≥30

4.2

3.2

 

4.2

5.5

 

Alcohol dependence by AUDIT score

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

 0−7 (Normal)

44.2

39.6

 

84.1

76.1

 

 8−15 (Mild dependence)

34.2

26.7

 

12.6

15.6

 

 16−19 (Moderate dependence)

11.2

12.9

 

1.6

3.8

 

 20−40 (Severe dependence)

10.5

20.8

 

1.7

4.5

 

Self-reported stress

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

 Very high

2.7

16.4

 

3.0

17.5

 

 High

19.5

42.0

 

21.5

44.7

 

 Moderate

61.7

37.5

 

60.4

32.7

 

 Little

16.0

4.2

 

15.1

5.0

 

Self-reported health status

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

 Very good

5.9

3.8

 

4.0

2.4

 

 Good

37.3

21.5

 

31.8

19.3

 

 Normal

43.8

41.4

 

44.8

38.6

 

 Bad

11.7

27.2

 

16.7

30.4

 

 Very bad

1.3

6.1

 

2.7

9.3

 
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