Leisure-time, occupational, and commuting physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese workers: a cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to the leisure-time exercise dose

	Inactive	Low dose	Physical activity meeting recommendation^a		P for trend^b
			Medium dose	High dose
n	17,437 (65.5)	4,331 (16.3)	2,537 (9.5)	2,323 (8.7)
Male, %	14,905 (85.5)	3,886 (89.7)	2,281 (89.9)	2,135 (91.9)	<0.001
Age, years	45.2 ± 8.2	44.6 ± 8.7	45.8 ± 8.5	46.4 ± 8.8	<0.001
BMI, kg/m²	23.3 ± 3.2	23.4 ± 3.2	23.7 ± 3.0	23.5 ± 2.9	<0.001
BMI ≥25 kg/m²	4,727 (27.1)	1,173 (27.1)	752 (29.6)	608 (26.2)	0.90
Shift work	3,329 (19.1)	874 (20.2)	415 (16.3)	379 (16.3)	<0.001
Walking <20 min to and from work	9,299 (53.3)	2,374 (54.8)	1,402 (55.3)	1,308 (56.3)	0.002
Sedentary work	10,311 (59.1)	2,574 (59.4)	1,632 (64.3)	1,413 (60.8)	0.001
Exercise dose, weekly MET-hr	0	3.7 (2.2, 5.4)	10.5 (9.0, 12.6)	23.0 (18.2, 32.9)
Sleeping <6 hrs per day	9,224 (52.9)	2,021 (46.7)	1,214 (47.9)	1,052 (45.3)	<0.001
Current drinker^c	1,764 (10.1)	370 (8.5)	250 (9.9)	255 (11.0)	0.31
Current smoker	7,750 (44.5)	1,751 (40.4)	945 (37.3)	829 (35.7)	<0.001
Hypertension	3,092 (17.7)	706 (16.3)	486 (19.2)	411 (17.7)	0.55
Family history of diabetes	2,417 (13.9)	570 (13.2)	362 (14.3)	339 (14.6)	0.29

Data are shown in mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables, median (interquartile range) for exercise dose, and n (%) for categorical variables
^a≥7.5 MET-hr per week
^bP for the trend was calculated using linear regression for continuous variables and logistic regression for categorical variables
^cConsuming ≥2 go of Japanese sake equivalent per day (1 go of Japanese sake contains approximately 23 g of ethanol)

ISSN: 1471-2458