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Table 3 Predictors of retention in care amongst HIV-exposed infants enrolled for PMTCT (N = 634)

From: Outcomes of prevention of mother to child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 in rural Kenya—a cohort study

  

Non-retention

Cox Univariable analysis

Cox Multivariable analysis

Infants Characteristics

 

d/y [rate/100 pmo]a

Crude HR [95 % CI]

LRT p-valueb

Adjusted HR [95 % CI]b

LRT p-valueb

Gender

Male

105/28.5 [3.7]

Reference

 

Reference

 

Female

142/37.3 [3.8]

1.0 [0.8–1.3]

0.810

1.1 [0.8–1.4]

0.662

Age group at intake (months)

0–3

179/56.9 [3.1]

Reference

 

Reference

 

3–6

30/5.1 [5.8]

1.8 [1.2–2.7]

 

2.1 [1.2–3.4]

 

>6

38/3.8 [10.1]

2.6 [1.8–3.8]

<0.001

1.8 [1.1–3.0]

0.005

Year of intake

2009

113/19.2 [5.9]

Reference

 

Reference

 

2010

69/20.2 [3.4]

0.6 [0.4–0.8]

 

0.5 [0.4–0.8]

 

2011

37/19.7 [1.9]

0.3 [0.2–0.5]

 

0.5 [0.3–0.8]

 

2012

28/6.7 [4.2]

0.7 [0.5–1.1]

<0.001

0.7 [0.4–1.4]

0.003

Any malnutrition at enrollment (WHZ/WAZ/HAZ <−2.0)

No

78/31.3 [2.5]

Reference

 

Reference

 

Yes

111/29.7 [3.7]

1.5 [1.1–2.0]

0.008

1.5 [1.1–2.0]

0.018

All malnutrition at enrollment (WHZ & WAZ & HAZ < −2.0)

No

175/59.6 [2.9]

Reference

 

Reference

 

Yes

13/1.2[10.7]

3.4 [1.9–6.0]

<0.001

2.5 [1.3–4.7]

0.014

Hospital distance (kilometers)

0–5

95/27.1 [3.5]

Reference

 

Reference

 

5–10

57/17.2 [3.3]

0.9 [0.7–1.3]

 

0.9[0.6–1.4]

 

>10

70/18.6 [3.8]

1.1 [0.8–1.4]

0.818

1.1[0.8–1.6]

0.624

Cohort

Active follow up

7/14.7 [0.5]

Reference

 

Reference

 

Standard Care

240/51.1 [4.7]

9.2 [4.3–19.5]

<0.001

6.6 [2.9–14.6]

<0.001

Mothers Characteristics

Age at infants birth (years)

<25

53/17.3 [3.1]

Reference

 

Reference

 

25–35

81/28.0 [2.9]

1.0 [0.7–1.3]

 

1.2 [0.8–1.8]

 

>35

24/11.4 [2.1]

0.7 [0.4–1.1]

0.247

0.9 [0.5–1.6]

0.379

Education status

No education

52/20.6 [2.5]

Reference

 

Reference

 

Primary

73/25.4 [2.9]

1.2 [0.8–1.7]

 

1.2 [0.8–1.7]

 

>Secondary

17/6.4 [2.7]

1.1 [0.6–1.8]

0.712

1.0 [0.5–1.8]

0.677

BMI at infants birth

<18.5

33/8.5 [3.9]

1.6 [1.1–2.4]

 

1.6 [1.1–2.5]

 

>18.5

114/47.4 [2.4]

Reference

0.016

Reference

0.036

CD4 count at infants birth

>350

54/21.6 [2.5]

Reference

 

Reference

 

<350

39/15.2 [2.6]

1.0 [0.7–1.6]

 

1.2 [0.7–1.8]

 

Missing

65/19.9 [3.3]

1.3 [0.9–1.9]

0.254

1.2 [0.8–1.8]

0.685

Duration on HAART (months)

Not on HAARTc

112/31.1 [3.6]

2.7 [1.6–4.5]

 

2.7 [1.5–4.7]

 

0–24

28/12.2 [2.3]

1.7 [0.9–3.1]

 

1.9 [1.0–3.7]

 

>24

18/13.3 [1.4]

Reference

<0.001

Reference

<0.001

  1. HR hazard ratios; CI confidence intervals; LRT Likelihood Ratio Tests; WHZ weight for height, WAZ weight for age, HAZ height for age z score; BMI body mass index; HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy; PMTCT prevention of mother-to-child transmission
  2. ad represents the number of events; y represents person months; PMO: time to loss to follow up is presented as the rate per 100 person months observed [rate/100pmo]
  3. bLikelihood of an infant enrolled for Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV dropping out of care before 18 months of life
  4. cmothers not on HAART received prophylactic antiretroviral therapy azidothymidine (AZT) during, through and after delivery, as per the Kenyan guidelines at the time of the study, ref [19] if they had attended antenatal clinic
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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