Table 4 Effectiveness of interventions included in the systematic review on reproductive health outcomes of young married women

Khan et al. 2008 (FP) [23]^c

1. Proportions discussing about spacing and family planning (%)

% of couples who discussed family planning methods: Exp. Group (Exp.): 61 % (N = 560); Con. Group (Con): 39 % (N = 570); Sig (p < = 0.001)

% of couples who discussed when to have next child: Exp.: 85 %, con: 85 %; Non Sig Z test, Exp. vs. Con.

2. Contraceptive use at 9 months post-partum

% of women currently using family planning (FP): Exp: 63 %, Con: 32 %; Sig (p < = 0.001)

% currently pregnant: Exp.: 10 %, Con: 16 %; Sig (p < = 0.001) Z test, Exp. vs. Con.

(Data Source: End line Survey)

Santhya et al. 2008 (FTP) [24]

Comprehensive antenatal care received by first time mothers:

% of first time mothers who reported institutional delivery

First time mothers who reported receiving routine checkups within six weeks postpartum

1. Use of contraceptive to delay first birth:

Diamond Harbour (DH):

Diamond Harbour (DH):

Diamond Harbour (DH):

Diamond Harbour (DH) site:

Con; BL: 6.5^a; EL: 7.7 (N = 244,500); Sig.

Con; BL: 61 %; EL: 70 % (N = 244,500); Sig

Con.; BL: 7 %; EL: 27 % (N = 244,500); Sig

Con.; Baseline (BL): 54 %; End-line (EL): 66 % (N = 212, 238),

Exp. non-intervention;

Exp. non-intervention;

Exp. non-intervention; BL:

Exp. non-intervention^b; BL: 24 %;

BL: 6; EL: 6.9, (N = 206, 191); Sig.

BL: 43 %; EL: 49 %, (N = 206, 191); Non sig

6 %; EL: 15 % (N = 206,191); Sig

EL: 34 % (N = 94, 281)

Exp. intervention; BL: 6.1; EL: 7.7 (N = 114,460); Non sig

Exp. intervention; BL: 40 %; EL: 51 % (N = 114,460); Sig

Exp. intervention; BL: 6 %; EL: 45 % (N = 114/460); Sig

Exp. intervention; BL: 28 %; EL: 39 % (N = 163, 96)

Vadodara (VD):

Vadodara (VD):

Vadodara (VD):

Vadodara (VD) site:

Con; BL: 6.3; EL: 7.9 (N = 270,314); Sig

Con; BL: 56 %; EL: 68 % (N = 270,314); Sig

Control; BL: 29 %; EL: 33 % (N = 270/314); Sig

Control; BL: 36 %; EL: 13 % (N = 259, 338); Sig

Exp.non-intervention; BL: 7.1; EL: 7.8 (N = 228,159); Sig

Exp. non-intervention; BL: 65 %; EL: 77 % (N = 228,159); Sig

Exp. non-intervention; BL: 26 %; EL: 49 % (N = 228/159); Sig

Exp. non-intervention; BL: 34 %; EL: 11 % (N = 176, 310); Sig

Exp. intervention; BL: 8.3; EL: 8.8 (N = 61,285); Non sig

Exp. intervention; BL: 71 %; EL: 70 % (N = 61,285); Non Sig

Exp. intervention; BL: 28 %; EL: 51 % (N = 61,285); Sig

Data Source: Baseline End line Survey

Exp. intervention; BL: 18 %; EL: 21 %, Non Sig

Daniel et al. 2008 (PRACHAR) [25]^c

1. % of Married women aged 15–24 years who were using contraception

BL; Control: 2.8 %, Intervention: 4.3 %

Follow –up period: Control: 4.7 %, Intervention: 20.7 %, Sig

Interventions vs. Control: (OR: 3.8:1.0; p < 0.001)

2. % increase in median interval (in months) between marriage and first birth:

BL; Intervention area: 21.3 months, Non-intervention areas: NA

EL- Intervention area: 24 months; Non-intervention areas: NA

(Data Source: Baseline and Follow-Up Data)

ACQUIRE, Evaluation and Research Studies Nepal 2008 [26]

Women who attended ANC on 4 or more occasions

Decrease in proportion of home delivery:

Use of PNC increased: Use of postnatal care services by young married women

1. Actual use of contraception to postpone first birth among young married women:

BL: 29.4 % and EL: 49.9 % (N = NA)

BL: 75 % and EL: 67 % (N = NA)

BL: 20 % and EL: 30 % (N = 240, 269)

BL: 4.4 % and EL: 4.8 %, (N = 294, 333)

Note: NA = data on sample size is Not Available

(Data Source: Baseline and End line Survey)

CREPHA, Nepal2004 (REWARD Project) [27]

Attended 4 or more ANC visits:

% of young married women who delivered their last child in hospital:

1. Contraceptive prevalence rate: (%) among young married women

MG area: BL: 24.8 %, EL: 52.9 %; Sig

YCAG area: BL-5.9 %, EL: 16.1 %

Youth Communication Action Groups (YCAG) area; BL: 26 %, EL: 28 %

Control area: BL: 14.4 %, EL: 43.2 %; Sig

Control: BL-2.6 %, EL: 5.3 %

Mothers’ Group (MG) area; BL: 19 %, EL: 37 %

(Data Source: Baseline and End line Survey)

Control area; BL: 29 %, EL: 34 %

2. Mean age at pregnancy among young married women

YCAG area; BL: 18.1 %, EL: 18.5 %

MG area; BL: 18.0 %, EL: 18.3 %

Control area; BL: 17.7 %, EL: 17.5 %

Shattuck et al. 2011 (MMM) [28]^c

Contraceptive uptake among young men with married or co-habiting partner:

OR for contraceptive uptake among young males between intervention and control groups: OR (95 % CI): 2.4 (1.45,4.03) Sig

OR for increase in communication frequency among young couples between intervention and control groups: OR (95 % CI): 0.61 (0.36, 1.02) Sig

(Data Source: Baseline and Post-Intervention Data)

Note: OR indicates Odds Ratio

Pande et al. (a) 2006 (KEM) [29]

Knowledge regarding Regular ANC check-ups

Awareness improved with respect to condom use as a way to prevent STIs and HIV

Pre: 50 %, post: 75 %

Note: Data is not available

(Data Source: Pre and Post-Intervention Data)

Pande et al. (b) 2006 (FRHS) [30]

Change in knowledge among young married women on need for ANC check-ups between baseline and end line:

Knowledge on side effects of contraceptive use has increased

Note: Data is not available

Social Mobilization arm (SM) only: 24.2 %, Government Services arm (GS) only: 18.5 %, SM + GS: 12 %, Control: 18.9 %

Change in knowledge among young married women on danger signs of pregnancy between baseline and end line:

SM only: 24.4 %, GS only: 22.5 %, SM + GS: 24.2 %, control: 16.5 %

(Data Source: Baseline and End line Survey)