Table 1 Characteristics of participants at baseline (N = 457)
Characteristics | N (%)/Mean ± SD | |
|---|---|---|
Demographics: | ||
Agea | 34.8 ± 9.8 | |
Marital statusb | ||
- Single | 198 | (43.5) |
- Married | 183 | (40.2) |
- Cohabiting, divorced, separated and widowed | 74 | (16.3) |
Educational attainmentc | ||
- No formal education | 4 | (0.9) |
- Primary school | 22 | (4.9) |
- Secondary school | 329 | (72.6) |
- Post-secondary, tertiary or above | 98 | (21.6) |
Occupational statusd | ||
- Employed | 311 | (69.1) |
- Housewife | 89 | (19.8) |
- Unemployed | 35 | (7.8) |
- Retired | 7 | (1.6) |
- Full-time student | 8 | (1.8) |
Tobacco use related: | ||
Daily cigarette consumption | 13.5 ± 7.8 | |
Age started smoking | 18.1 ± 5.7 | |
Nicotine dependency level by the Fagerstrom test (0–10) | ||
- Mild (0–3) | 177 | (38.7) |
- Moderate (4–5) | 147 | (32.2) |
- Severe (6–10) | 133 | (29.1) |
Other smokers in the same householdb | ||
- Nil | 288 | (63.3) |
- One or more | 167 | (36.7) |
Smoking status of spousee | ||
- No spouse/ spouse is not smoker | 314 | (69.5) |
- Spouse is smoker | 138 | (30.5) |
Quitting History: | ||
Previous quitting attempt(s)f | ||
- Nil | 129 | (28.9) |
- once | 140 | (31.3) |
- 2 to 5 times | 153 | (34.2) |
- 6 to 10 times | 18 | (4.0) |
- more than 10 times | 7 | (1.6) |
Psychological factors: | ||
Perceived importance on quitting (0–100) | 86.5 ± 15.4 | |
Perceived difficulties on quitting (0–100) | 74.9 ± 19.5 | |
Perceived confidence on quitting (0–100) | 60.1 ± 22.0 | |
Self-efficacy against smokingb | ||
- Internal stimuli (6–30) | 13.3 ± 3.6 | |
- External stimuli (6–30) | 15.6 ± 3.6 | |