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Table 1 Rates of death from external causes in Karonga District Malawi, 2002–12

From: Patterns and risk factors for deaths from external causes in rural Malawi over 10 years: a prospective population-based study

 

All external causes

Road injury

Drowning

Suicide

Ratea

Rate ratioc

Rate

Rate ratio

Rate

Rate ratio

Rate

Rate ratio

(95 % CIb)

(95 % CI)

(95 % CI)

(95 % CI)

(95 % CI)

(95 % CI)

(95 % CI)

(95 % CI)

Gender

        

Male

64.7 (53.2–78.8)

Reference

12.4 (7.9–19.5)

Reference

13.1 (8.4–21.8)

Reference

11.1 (6.9–17.9)

Reference

Female

27.1 (20.1–36.4)

0.40 (0.28–0.57)

4.3 (2.1–9.0)

0.32 (0.14–0.77)

4.3 (2.1–9.0)

0.36 (0.16–0.81)

3.1 (1.3–7.4)

0.26 (0.09–0.70)

Age

        

<5 years

47.1 (32.5–68.2)

0.99 (0.63–1.56)

3.4 (0.8–13.4)

0.27 (0.06–1.20)

13.4 (6.7–26.9)

1.83 (0.70–4.73)

0

 

5–14

20.6 (13.1–32.2)

0.44 (0.26–0.73)

2.2 (0.5–8.7)

0.18 (0.04–0.77)

6.5 (2.9–14.5)

0.87 (0.31–2.46)

0

 

15–44

46.8 (35.8–60.0)

Reference

12.0 (7.2–19.9)

Reference

7.2 (3.7–13.8)

Reference

13.6 (5.4–31.2)

Reference

45+

98.7 (71–135.7)

2.23 (1.48–3.36)

18.2 (8.7–38.2)

1.60 (0.65–3.92

10.4 (3.9–27.7)

1.52 (0.47–4.94)

13.0 (5.4–31.2)

1.01 (0.37–2.74)

Period

        

2002/6

49.7 (38–64.8)

1.14 (0.81–1.60)

7.4 (3.7–14.7)

0.84 (0.35–1.92)

6.4 (3.1–13.5)

0.66 (0.28–1.56)

3.7 (1.4–9.8)

0.42 (0.14–1.22)

2007/12

43.0 (35.0–53.0)

Reference

8.7 (5.5–13.8)

Reference

9.7 (6.2–15.0)

Reference

8.7 (5.5–13.8)

Reference

  1. aRate expressed per 100,000 person-years-at-risk
  2. bCI: Confidence Interval
  3. cRate ratio adjusted for age, sex and calendar period