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Table 3 Multivariate MLRA of individual and community level factors with childhood full immunization among 12–59 months Ethiopian children, EDHS 2011

From: Individual and community level determinants of childhood full immunization in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis

Individual and community level characteristics

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

AOR [95 % CI]

AOR [95 % CI]

AOR [95 % CI]

Fixed effects

 Child place of birth

Home

–

1

–

1

Health institution

–

1.54 [1.173–2.047]

–

1.40 [1.058–1.859]

 Maternal education

No education

–

1

–

1

Primary

–

1.43 [1.201–1.725]

–

1.42 [1.191–1.710]

Secondary +

–

1.88 [1.210–2.922]

–

1.93 [1.242–3.000]

 Religious affiliation

Orthodox

–

1

–

–

Muslim

–

0.70 [0.554–0.906]

–

–

Protestant

–

0.62 [0.470–0.843]

–

–

Traditional/others

–

0.48 [0.277–0.862]

–

–

 Household wealth index

Poorest

–

1

–

1

Poor

–

1.29 [1.030–1.634]

–

1.30 [1.034–1.643]

Medium

–

1.23 [0.967–1.587]

–

1.23 [0.963–1.585]

Rich

–

1.31 [1.016–1.689]

–

1.32 [1.023–1.706]

Richest

–

1.83 [1.337–2.521]

–

1.62 [1.172–2.245]

 Number of U5 children

–

0.86 [0.775–0.948]

–

0.87 [0.789–0.964]

 Media exposure

Not exposed

–

1

–

1

Exposed

–

1.23 [1.009–1.522]

–

1.25 [1.019–1.539]

 Residence place

Rural

–

 

1

–

Urban

–

 

1.50 [1.072–2.118]

–

 Geographic region

Affar

–

–

1

1

Tigray

–

–

6.50 [3.649–11.544]

6.36 [3.550–11.934]

Amahara

–

–

2.51 [1.446–4.383]

2.55 [1.459–4.478]

Oromia

–

–

1.15 [0.655–2.033]

1.14 [0.664–2.019]

Somalia

–

–

1.86 [0.974–3.577]

2.37 [1.232–4.575]

BEGU

–

–

2.34 [1.304–4.228]

2.42 [1.337–4.385]

SNNP

–

–

1.54 [0.884–2.684]

1.49 [0.852–2.611]

Gambella

–

–

1.65 [0.900–3.032]

1.51 [0.815–2.824]

Harari

–

–

1.40 [0.719–2.757]

1.46 [0.751–2.874]

Addis Ababa

–

–

7.34 [2.823–19.105]

5.39 [2.047–14.195]

Dire Dawa

–

–

3.71 [1.941–7.094]

3.89 [2.014–7.515]

 Community poverty

High

–

–

1

–

Low

–

–

1.70 [1.313–2.203]

–

 Community ANC utilization

Low

–

–

1

1

High

–

–

1.54 [1.205–1.990]

1.50 [1.177–1.934]

Random effects

 Community variance (SE)

1.42* (0.17)

1.12* (0.14)

0.82* (0.11)

0.85* (0.12)

 ICC (%)

30.14

25.39

19.95

20.53

 PCV (%)

Ref

21.12

42.25

40.14

Model fit statistics

 Log-likelihood

−2647.38

−2578.76

−2559.80

−2532.20

 AIC

5298.77

5185.54

5149.61

5108.40

  1. *P-value < 0.05