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Table 1 Methodological characteristics of included studies
| Author (year) Country | Research design (specific population) | Study year (follow-up) | Sample size | Baseline resp. (follow-up rate) | Age mean | Male in % | Covariates in adjusted multivariable model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amick, 2002 USA [40] | Cohort study (working cohort) | 1968 (24 years) | 25,413 | n.a. (30.5 %) | 45.0 | 44.9 | Age, race, gender, year, family income, family size, retirement, unemployment, retirement by age interaction, race by age interaction, baseline disability, job strain |
| Berth, 2003 GER [35] | Cross-sectional study | 2002 (−−) | 420 | 72.0 % (−−) | 29.0 | 46.8 | -- |
| Berth, 2005 GER [39] | Cross-sectional study | 2003 (−−) | 419 | 71.0 % (−−) | 30.1 | 46.1 | -- |
| Burgard, 2009 USA [36] | Two complementary cohort studies | 1986 (3 years) 1995 (10 years) | 1,867 | 70.0 % (87.0 %) | 41.2 | 53.6 | Age, gender, race, marital status, household income, education, job insecurity, involuntarily job loss, employed at follow-up, self-employed, part-time, health shock, high blood pressure, neuroticism, smoking status, self-rated health and depressive symptoms at baseline |
| 1,712 | 61.0 % (80.0 %) | 43.4 | 43.7 | ||||
| Ferrie, 1997 GB [31] | Cohort study (subsample Whitehall-II) | 1985 (9 years) | 666 | 73.0 %a (81.2 %) | n.a. | 76.7 | Age, grade and baseline value of the variable |
| Flint, 2013 GB [32] | Cohort study | 1991 (16 years) | 10,494 | 92.0 %b (66.2 %) | n.a. | 48.4 | Age, age2, education, physical health problems, spousal joblessness, spousal GHQ-12, marital status, unemployed spells in past 12 months, residence in social housing, substance abuse, equivalised household income, permanent sickness |
| Green, 2011 AUS [33] | Cohort study | 2001 (7 years) | 13,969 | 93.5 % (93.3 %) | 36.1 | n.a. | Age, marital status, number of children, education, income, Employability if unemployed, re-employment difficulty, personal characteristics (extroversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience), long term health condition, others present in interview, regional Australia, remote Australia |
| Levenstein, 2001 USA [15] | Cohort study | 1965 (29 years) | 6,928 | 86.2 % (39.4 %) | n.a. | 43.7 | Age, gender, ethnicity, educational status, occupational status, not in labor force, depression and anomy score, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity, having had a medical checkup within 2 years before the follow-up study. |
| Mandal 2011 USA [30]c | Cohort Study | 1992 (14 years) | 5994 | 81.6 (88.6 %) | 54.8 | 48.8 | Age, gender, ethnicity, educational level, suffered business closure, displaced x expectation, got married/partnered, got separated/divorced/widowed, change in housing assets, job tenure years, type of occupation, S&P 500 returns |
| Makikangas, 2011 FIN [34] | Cohort study (Finnish managers) | 1996 (10 years) | 1,035 | 64.0 % (38.8 %) | 41.9 | 95.0 | -- |
| Mewes, 2013 GER [37] | Cross-sectional study | 2007 (−−) | 2,510 | 61.9 % (−−) | 42.0 | 45.5 | -- |
| Perlman, 2009 RUS [41] | Cohort study | 1994 (9 years) | 17,154 | 88.8 % (59.6 %) | n.a. | 52.6 | Age, education, occupation, alcohol, smoking, material goods, age at entry, district in Russia, and cluster by household. |
| Zenger, 2013 GER [38] | Cross-sectional study | 2010 (−−) | 2,504 | 56.2 % (−−) | 51.8 | 46.7 | -- |
