Table 4 Final multilevel linear regression model with fruit and vegetable intake score as a response variable

Fixed effect

Effect

SE

CI 95 %

p- value

Intercept

4.80

1.16

2.51 7.09

<0.001

Male gender (vs. female)

0.59

0.10

0.39 – 0.80

<0.001

Age

0.01

0.004

0.002 -0.02

<0.001

Active in LTPA

0.72

0.13

0.47 – 0.97

<0.001

Smoking (yes vs. no)

−0.29

0.12

−0.52 - -0.05

0.018

SSB intake (5 or more days per week)

−0.28

0.11

−0.47 - -0.09

0.004

Education level (y)

0-8 (reference)

9-11

0.68

0.11

0.46 – 0.90

<0.001

12 or more

0.90

0.16

0.57 – 1.21

Density¹ of healthy food outlets³ in CA²

3.93

0.90

2.16 – 5.70

<0.001

Density¹ of unhealthy food outlets⁴ in CA²

−0.88

0.23

−1.32 - -0.43

<0.001

Total income in CA²

0.31

0.07

0.17 – 0.46

<0.001

Random effect –level 2 σ² _u0

t-ratio*

Variance – Intercept

201.16

165.96

3.47 – 5.78

1.21

Slope variance – gender

1.56

0.24

1.14 – 2.11

6.50

Slope variance – age

0.003

0.001

0.002 – 0.004

3.00

Slope variance – leisure time physical activity

2.34

0.42

1.65 – 3.32

5.57

Slope variance – smoking

2.06

0.29

1.64 – 3.32

7.10

Slope variance – education level (years of study)

0.98

0.16

0.72 – 1.34

6.13

Random effect – level 1 σ² _e

Variances of R _ij

3.28

0.12

3.06 – 3.52

27.33