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Table 4 Multivariable-adjusted cardiovascular mortality-rate ratios for PM2.5 after adjusting for other pollutants

From: Chronic exposure to particulate matter and risk of cardiovascular mortality: cohort study from Taiwan

Quintile

PM2.5

PM2.5 + CO

PM2.5 + NO2

PM2.5 + NO

PM2.5 + NOX

PM2.5 + O3

PM2.5 + SO2

HRa (95 % CI)

HRa (95 % CI)

HRa (95 % CI)

HRa (95 % CI)

HRa (95 % CI)

HRa (95 % CI)

HRa (95 % CI)

1

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

2

1.25 (0.77–2.04)

1.20 (0.74–1.96)

1.05 (0.59–1.89)

1.37 (0.83–2.24)

1.17 (0.72–1.91)

0.99 (0.48–2.04)

1.32 (0.76–2.29)

3

1.07 (0.70–1.64)

0.88 (0.56–1.38)

0.82 (0.43–1.59)

1.02 (0.66–1.56)

0.86 (0.54–1.38)

0.80 (0.36–1.76)

1.13 (0.70–1.89)

4

0.93 (0.63–1.36)

0.68 (0.43–1.07)

0.65 (0.29–1.44)

0.79 (0.53–1.17)

0.65 (0.39–1.08)

0.66 (0.26–1.60)

0.99 (0.61–1.61)

5

0.94 (0.59–1.49)

0.60 (0.33–1.09)

0.63 (0.25–1.57)

0.71 (0.42–1.20)

0.60 (0.31–1.14)

0.66 (0.26–1.67)

1.04 (0.52–2.07)

  1. CO carbon monoxide, NO nitric oxide, NO 2 nitrogen dioxide, NO X nitrogen oxides, SO 2 sulfur dioxide, O 3 ozone, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio
  2. aAdjusted for age, sex, marital status, income, smoking, alcohol, BMI, and education