Table 2 Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause, CVD, IHD and cerebrovascular mortality, estimated from cox proportional-hazards model
No. of persons | No. of deaths | Deaths/1000 person-years | Model 1a | Model 2b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95 % CI) | HR (95 % CI) | ||||
All–causes | |||||
Per 10 μg/m3 increase | 0.90 (0.71–1.15) | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | |||
Q1 | 5,520 | 246 | 0.77 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Q2 | 3,847 | 202 | 0.91 | 1.09 (0.91–1.32) | 1.10 (0.92–1.33) |
Q3 | 8,267 | 367 | 0.77 | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) |
Q4 | 19,004 | 900 | 0.79 | 0.91 (0.79–1.05) | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) |
Q5 | 6,589 | 277 | 0.74 | 0.99 (0.84–1.18) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) |
p-value for linear trend | 0.92 | ||||
CVD | |||||
Per 10 μg/m3 increase | 0.78 (0.42–1.48) | 0.80 (0.43–1.50) | |||
Q1 | 5,520 | 34 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Q2 | 3,847 | 31 | 0.14 | 1.23 (0.76–2.01) | 1.25 (0.77–2.04) |
Q3 | 8,267 | 56 | 0.12 | 1.12 (0.73–1.71) | 1.07 (0.70–1.64) |
Q4 | 19,004 | 121 | 0.11 | 0.87 (0.59–1.27) | 0.93 (0.63–1.36) |
Q5 | 6,589 | 38 | 0.1 | 0.99 (0.62–1.57) | 0.94 (0.59–1.49) |
p-value for linear trend | 0.49 | ||||
IHD | |||||
Per 10 μg/m3 increase | 0.74 (0.30–1.81) | 0.76 (0.31–1.84) | |||
Q1 | 5,520 | 15 | 0.047 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Q2 | 3,847 | 15 | 0.068 | 1.25 (0.62–2.54) | 1.26 (0.62–2.55) |
Q3 | 8,267 | 33 | 0.069 | 1.42 (0.78–2.57) | 1.33 (0.73–2.42) |
Q4 | 19,004 | 60 | 0.053 | 0.92 (0.53–1.60) | 0.99 (0.57–1.72) |
Q5 | 6,589 | 15 | 0.04 | 0.84 (0.42–1.70) | 0.80 (0.40–1.63) |
p-value for linear trend | 0.84 | ||||
Cerebrovascular disease | |||||
Per 10 μg/m3 increase | 0.68 (0.34–2.04) | 0.84 (0.35–2.04) | |||
Q1 | 5,520 | 18 | 0.057 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Q2 | 3,847 | 16 | 0.072 | 1.22 (0.62–2.39) | 1.24 (0.63–2.44) |
Q3 | 8,267 | 23 | 0.048 | 0.86 (0.46–1.60) | 0.83 (0.45–1.54) |
Q4 | 19,004 | 61 | 0.054 | 0.82 (0.48–1.38) | 0.88 (0.52–1.49) |
Q5 | 6,589 | 23 | 0.061 | 1.11 (0.60–2.06) | 1.05 (0.56–1.94) |
p-value for linear trend | 0.76 | ||||