Table 3 Under what conditions group-based physical activity interventions are effective
| Â | Design | Recruitment procedures | Program setting | Measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive effect group-versus-individuals/aggregate (n =39) | Randomized with control (n =13) | Recruitment Strategies | Program Location | Physical Activity Outcome |
 Mass or local media (n=11) |  Medical center (n =3) |  Subjective (n =23) | ||
Quasi-experimental with control (n =8) |  Word of Mouth (n=3) |  Fitness facility (n =4) |  Objective (n =6) | |
 Physician Referral (n=5) |  University (n =3) |  Mix (n =10) | ||
Quasi-experimental without control (n =3) |  Flyers (n=11) |  Worksite (n =5) | ITT | |
Pre-post design (n =15) |  Center-based (n=7) |  General community (n=5) |  Yes (n =6) | |
 Employer’s Worksite (n=5) |  Faith-based location (n =2) |  No (n =39) | ||
 Faith-based (n=5) |  Center-based (n =3) | Reported Costs | ||
 Target Mailings (n=16) |  Other (n =7) |  Yes (n =5) | ||
 Targeted Contact (n=8) |  Not reported (n =7) |  No (n =34 | ||
 Presentation/Seminar (n=8) | Country | Timing of Post-Program Assessment | ||
 Other (n=2) |  USA (n =33) |  14.75 weeks (±31.69) | ||
 Not Reported (n=2) |  Canada (n =3) | Moderation Analyses | ||
Sample Selection |  Middle East (n =2) | (n=4 interventions) | ||
 Convenience Sampling (n =2) |  Australia (n =1) |  Gender (n=2) | ||
 Random Selection (n =5) | Average Setting Sample Size |  Age (n=1) | ||
 Targeted (n =26) |  17.76 (±31.39) |  Baseline activity level (n=2) | ||
 Convenience and Targeted (n =1) | Average Setting Adoption Rate |  Self-monitoring (n=1) | ||
 Random and Targeted (n =3) |  77.25 % (±25.55 %) |  Member Diversity (n=1) | ||
 Not specified (n=2) |  Not report (n =31) |  Perceived health (n=1) | ||
Physician Referral |  Distance to Group Sessions (n=1) | |||
 Yes (n=5) |  Socio-economic status (n=2) | |||
 No (n =34) | ||||
Group-versus-group interventions (n =9) | Randomized with control (n =3) | Recruitment Strategies | Program Location | Physical Activity Outcome |
 Mass or local media (n=2) |  Medical center (n =3) |  Subjective (n=2) | ||
 Word of Mouth (n=3) |  Faith-based location (n =2) |  Objective (n=0) | ||
Quasi-experimental with control (n =4) |  Physician Referral (n=2) |  Nursing home (n =1) |  Mix (n=7) | |
 Flyers (n=3) |  Cooperative extension (n =1) | ITT | ||
 Center-based (n=1) |  Not reported (n =2) |  Yes (n =2) | ||
 Employer’s Worksite (n=1) | Country |  No (n=7) | ||
Quasi-experimental without control (n =1) |  Faith-based (n=1) |  USA (n =7) | Reported Costs | |
 Target Mailings (n=2) |  Canada (n =2) |  Yes (n=1) | ||
 Targeted Contact (n=3) | Average Setting Sample Size |  No (n =8) | ||
 Other (n=1) |  4.17 (±3.82) |  Moderation Analyses | ||
Pre-post design (n =1) |  Not Reported (n=1) | Average Setting Adoption Rate |  (n=0) | |
Sample Selection |  Not report (n =9) | |||
|  |  Convenience Sampling (n =2) | |||
 Random Selection (n =0) | ||||
 Targeted (n =6) | ||||
 Convenience and Targeted (n =1) | ||||
 Random and Targeted (n =0) | ||||
 Not specified (n =0) | ||||
Physician Referral | ||||
 Yes (n =2) | ||||
 No (n =7) | ||||
No increase in physical activity (n=4) | Randomized with control (n =3) | Recruitment Strategies | Program Location | Physical Activity Outcome |
 Word of Mouth (n=1) |  Medical center (n =1) |  Subjective (n =4) | ||
 Flyers (n=3) |  Worksite (n =1) |  Objective (n =0) | ||
Quasi-experimental with control (n =1) |  Center-based (n=1) |  Faith-based location (n=1) |  Mix (n =0) | |
 Target Contact (n=1) |  Not reported (n=1) | ITT | ||
Sample Selection | Country |  Yes (n =1) | ||
 Convenience Sampling (n =0) |  USA (n =3) |  No (n =3) | ||
 Random Selection (n =0) |  Australia (n =1) | Reported Costs | ||
Quasi-experimental without control (n =0) |  Targeted (n =3) | Average Setting Sample Size |  Yes (n =1) | |
 Convenience and Targeted (n=1) |  102.67 (±173.50) |  No (n =3) | ||
 Random and Targeted (n =0) | Average Setting Adoption Rate | Timing of Post-Program Assessment | ||
 Not specified (n =0) |  50.50 % |  33.00 weeks (±26.20) | ||
Physician Referral |  Not report (n =3) |  Moderation Analyses | ||
Pre-post design (n =0) |  Yes (n =1) |  |  (n=0) | |
 No (n =3) |