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Table 4 Adjusted relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95 % confidence intervals estimated through multivariate multinomial logistic regression of health-seeking behavior by child and caregiver characteristics in Rufiji, Ulanga and Kilombero districts of Tanzania, 2011

From: Childhood Illness Prevalence and Health Seeking Behavior Patterns in Rural Tanzania

Care seeking for illness

Fever (n = 514)

Diarrhea (n = 250)

Level of treatment received

No care received vs. Facility care

Home care vs. Facility care

No care received vs Facility care

Home care vs. Facility care

Child characteristics

Child age

0 ≤ 1 year

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

1 - 2 years

0.63 (0.23-1.70)

0.78 (0.21-2.85)

0.81 (0.27-2.47)

1.14 (0.45-2.86)

2 - 5 years

0.74 (0.35-1.57)

1.14 (0.50-2.61)

3.47 (1.19-10.17)*

2.02 (0.75-5.42)

Caregiver characteristics

Caregiver age

15 - 24 years

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

25 - 34 years

0.56 (0.19-1.62)

0.80 (0.24-2.65)

0.52 (0.19-1.41)

0.52 (0.19-1.47)

≥35 years

2.49 (1.00-6.25)*

1.40 (0.49-4.01)

0.40 (0.14-1.19)

0.67 (0.26-1.71)

Educational achievement

No education

Ref.

Ref.

Primary

0.28 (0.10-0.79)*

0.54 (0.21-1.37)

Secondary and plus (a)

0.29 (0.05-1.92)

1.09 (0.23-5.21)

Religion

Muslim

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Christian

0.62 (0.27-1.42)

0.73 (0.21-2.61)

2.70 (1.11-6.59)*

2.50 (1.11-5.65)*

Traditional/Other

1.24 (0.24-6.37)

0.97 (0.12-7.89)

0.07 (0.01-0.63)*

0.63 (0.10-3.99)

Ethnic Group

Ndengereko

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Pogoro

1.37 (0.15-12.33)

3.54 (0.51-24.75)

0.77 (0.17-3.42)

1.05 (0.23-4.66)

Sukuma

2.03 (0.19-22.69)

6.79 (0.83-55.63)^

1.19 (0.21-6.78)

1.44 (0.22-9.56)

Ngindo

1.09 (0.15-8.13)

1.66 (0.29-9.48)

0.54 (0.11-2.52)

0.49 (0.11-2.24)

Other

1.23 (0.16-9.11)

1.08 (0.21-5.65)

0.25 (0.06-1.00)*

0.33^ (0.09-1.22)

Relationship to head of household

Head of household/Wife

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Daughter/Daughter in law

2.13 (0.89-5.07)^

1.13 (0.44-2.89)

1.40 (0.58-3.45)

1.00 (0.44-2.29)

Other

3.07 (1.01-9.36)*

0.40 (0.09-1.90)

1.11 (0.30-4.14)

1.82 (0.59-5.60)

Number of children under age 5 in household

One child under 5

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

More than one child under 5

2.27 (1.09-4.75)*

2.14 (0.76-6.03)

0.85 (0.31-2.34)

1.72 (0.76-3.87)

Wealth Index

Poorest

Ref.

Ref.

  

2nd Quintiles

0.62 (0.22-1.69)

0.71 (0.21-2.41)

3rd Quintiles

0.25 (0.06-1.00)*

0.53 (0.07-3.88)

4th Quintiles

0.43 (0.10-1.73)

0.88 (0.14-5.45)

5th Quintiles

0.22 (0.04-1.17)^

0.62 (0.08-4.91)

NR

0.97 (0.33-2.87)

0.27 (0.03-2.92)

District

Rufiji

Ref.

Ref.

  

Kilombero

6.95 (1.00-48.41)*

1.15 (0.15-8.83)

Ulanga

2.19 (0.26-18.70)

0.43 (0.06-2.91)

Place of residence

Rural

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Urban/semi-urban

0.75 (0.23-2.50)

2.34 (0.73-7.54)

3.01 (1.00-9.20)*

2.52 (0.85-7.45)^

Nearest health facility characteristics

Distance to household

<1 km

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

1-1.99 km

0.54 (0.19-1.50)

0.64 (0.15-2.73)

3.50 (1.13-10.81)*

2.89 (1.04-8.02)*

2-3.99 km

0.92 (0.35-2.42)

0.81 (0.21-3.19)

2.20 (0.66-7.32)

1.39 (0.48-4.04)

> = 4 km

0.47 (0.16-1.34)

2.10 (0.55-8.01)

1.05 (0.38-2.91)

0.63 (0.26-1.55)

  1. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.5; ^P < 0.10
  2. Variables significant at 20 % in bivariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis
  3. (a) Defined as ordinary or advanced secondary school
  4. (b) Defined as married or living with a partner as if married
  5. (c) Models with interaction terms did not show a significant association between maternal education attainment and maternal age, household wealth or distance to nearest health facility.