First author (Year) | Study design | Study period (Follow-up duration) | Participants | Number of cases (death) | Measures of alcohol consumption | Risk estimate (Confidence Interval) | Criteria of mild drinking | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All cause mortality | ||||||||
Kim 2007 [25] | Cohort | 1995-2001 (6 years) | Aged ≥20 | 3,366 (228) | Status | Men | Women | n.r |
None: 1.0 | None: 1.0 | |||||||
Former:1.01 (0.57-1.77) | Former: 1.41 (0.62-3.05) | |||||||
Current:0.75 (0.47-1.22) | Current: 1.69 (1.01-2.98) | |||||||
Rhee 2012 [26] | Cohort | 1993-2008 (15Â years) | Men aged 40-59 | 14,533 (990) | Status | None; 1.0 | n.r | |
Former: 1.17 (0.98-1.39) | ||||||||
Current: 1.40 (1.07-1.83) | ||||||||
Park 1999 [27] | Nest case–control | 1993-1997 (4–5 years) | Aged ≥40 | 38,496 (19,258) | Frequency | None: 1.0 | n.r | |
Occasional: 1.0 (0.94-1.06) | ||||||||
Frequently: 1.17 (1.1-1.26) | ||||||||
Sull 2009 [1] | Cohort | 1985-2005 (20.8 years) | Men aged ≥55 | 2,624 (1,984) | Frequency | None: 1.0 | n.r | |
Few time a month a : 1.03 (0.89-1.2) | ||||||||
Few time a weekb: 1.04 (0.93-1.16) | ||||||||
Daily: 1.25 (1.10-1.43) | ||||||||
Yi 2004 [28] | Cohort | 1985-1999 (14 years) | Aged ≥55 | 6,292 (2,673) | Weekly amount | Men | Women | ≤70 g/week |
None; 1.0 | None: 1.0 | |||||||
Low: 1.06 (0.92-1.23) | Low: 0.94 (0.77-1.15) | |||||||
Moderate:1.09 (0.96-1.23) | Moderate:1.16 (0.77-1.74) | |||||||
Heavy: 1.35 (1.14-1.60) | Â | |||||||
Khang 2009 [30] | Cohort | 1998-2001 (3 years) | Aged ≥30 | 8,366 (310) | Monthly amount | None: 1.0 | n.r | |
Former: 2.03(1.42-2.91) | ||||||||
Minimal: 0.60 (0.39-0.93) | ||||||||
Q1: 1.04 (0.62-1.68) | ||||||||
Q2: 1.09 (0.71-1.67) | ||||||||
Q3: 1.17 (0.78-1.76) | ||||||||
Q4: 1.23 (0.82-1.84) | ||||||||
Kim 2010 [31] | Cohort | 2000-2005 (5Â years) | Aged 40-69 | 1,341,393 (19,375) | Daily amount | Men | Women | <30Â g/day for men |
None: 1.0 | None: 1.0 | <15Â g/day for women | ||||||
1-14.9Â g: 0.87 (0.84-0.91) | 1-14.9Â g: 0.99 (0.85-1.15) | |||||||
15-29.9 g:0.88 (0.84-0.92) | ≥15 g: 1.39 (1.08-1.79) | |||||||
30-89.9Â g:1.07 (1.02-1.13) | Â | |||||||
≥90 g: 1.29 (1.22-1.37) |  | |||||||
Jeong 2012 [29] | Cohort | 2005-2006 (1 year) | Aged ≥65 | 997 (113) | Weekly amount | None: 1.0 | ≤7drinks/week | |
Light: 0.08 (0.01-0.58) | ||||||||
Moderate: 1.15 (0.46-2.85) | ||||||||
Heavy: 1.44 (0.81-2.56) | ||||||||
Jung 2012 [24] | Cohort | 1993-2004 (11 years) | Aged ≥20 | 16,320 (1,122) | Weekly amount | None: 1.18 (0.96-1.45) | ≤90 g/week | |
0.1-90Â g: 1.0 | ||||||||
90.1-252Â g: 1.29 (0.99-1.66) | ||||||||
252.1-504Â g: 1.31 (1.00-1.71) | ||||||||
≥504.1 g: 1.39 (1.05-1.83) | ||||||||
Cancer-related mortality | ||||||||
Lim 2008 c [32] | Cohort | 1993-1996 1995–2002 (2–7 years) | Aged ≥65 | 14,304 (112) | Status | None:1.0 | ≤24 g/day | |
Ex: 1.47 (0.87-2.47) | ||||||||
Current: 0.83 (0.53-1.31) | ||||||||
Lee 2002 [34] | Cohort | 1985-1998 (13 years) | Aged ≥55 | 2,681 (253) | Weekly amount | None: 1.0 | 1-4 times/month | |
Light: 0.98 (0.64-1.50) | ||||||||
Moderate: 1.01 (0.69-1.48) | ||||||||
Heavy: 1.2 (0.89-1.62) | ||||||||
Jee 2004 d [36] | Cohort | 1993-2002 (7–9 years) | Aged 30-95 | 1,283,112 (3,807) | Daily amount | Men | Women | 1-24.9 g/day |
None: 1.0 | None: 1.0 | |||||||
1-24.9Â g: 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | Drinker: 1.2 (0.9-1.5) | |||||||
25-49.9Â g: 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | Â | |||||||
50-99.9Â g: 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | Â | |||||||
≥100 g: 1.4 (1.0-1.8) |  | |||||||
Park 2006 [35] | Cohort | 1996-2004 (9 years) | Men aged ≥ 20 | 14,578 (7,271) | Weekly amount | None: 1.0 | n.r | |
1-124.1Â g: 0.94 (0.88-1.00) | ||||||||
≥124.2 g: 1.05 (0.98-1.12) | ||||||||
Kim 2010 [31] | Cohort | 2000-2005 (5Â years) | Aged 40-69 | 1,341,393 (19,375) | Daily amount | Men | Women | <30Â g/day for men |
None: 1.0 | None: 1.0 | <15Â g/day for women | ||||||
1-14.9Â g: 0.91 (0.85-0.97) | 1-14.9Â g: 0.99 (0.85-1.15) | |||||||
15-29.9 g: 0.93 (0.87-1.0) | ≥15 g: 1.39 (1.08-1.79) | |||||||
30-89.9Â g:1.06 (0.98-1.15) | Â | |||||||
≥90 g: 1.21 (1.11-1.33) |  | |||||||
Kimm 2010e [33] | Cohort | 1993-2006 (14 years) | Aged 30-93 | 782,632 (996) | Daily amount | None: 1.0 | ≤24 g/day | |
1-24Â g: 1.9 (1.6-2.3) | ||||||||
25-49Â g: 2.7 (2.1-3.5) | ||||||||
50-99Â g: 3.7 (2.8-5.0) | ||||||||
≥100 g: 3.4 (2.2-5.3) | ||||||||
Yi 2010 f [37] | Cohort | 1985-2005 (20.8 years) | Aged ≥55 | 6,291 (360) | Weekly amount | Men | Women | <138 g/week for men, <12 g/week for women |
None: 1.0 | None: 1.0 | |||||||
Low: 1.18 (0.83-1.69) | Low: 1.15 (0.53-2.51) | |||||||
Moderate:1.06(0.73-1.56) | High: 1.63 (0.83-3.19) | |||||||
High: 1.26 (0.88-1.82) | Â | |||||||
Jung 2012 [24] | Cohort | 1993-2004 (11 years) | Aged ≥20s | 16,320 (1,122) | Weekly amount | None: 1.55 (1.15-2.11) | ≤90 g/week | |
0.1-90Â g: 1.0 | ||||||||
90.1-252Â g: 1.7 (1.16-2.49) | ||||||||
252.1-504Â g: 1.84 (1.24-2.72) | ||||||||
≥504.1 g: 2.07 (1.39-3.09) | ||||||||
Cardiovascular mortality | ||||||||
Meng 1987 [38] | Case–control study | 1982-1983 | Aged 35-65 | 910 (190) | Frequency | None: 1.0 | 1-2 times/month | |
1-2 times/month: 0.92 | ||||||||
1-2 times/week: 1.09 | ||||||||
3-4 times/week: 2.27 | ||||||||
Everyday: 2.17 | ||||||||
Sull 2009 [1] | Cohort | 1985-2005 (20.8 years) | Men aged ≥55 | 2,624 (1,984) | Frequency | None: 1.0 | n.r | |
Few times a month a : 0.98 (0.67-1.42) | ||||||||
Few times a weekb: 1.06 (0.82-1.37) | ||||||||
Daily: 1.36 (1.0-1.84) | ||||||||
Yi 2004 [28] | Cohort | 1985-1999 (14 years) | Aged ≥55 | 6,292 (672) | Weekly amount | Men | Women | ≤70 g/week |
None: 1.0 | None: 1.0 | |||||||
<70Â g: 0.98 (0.69-1.37) | <70Â g: 0.92 (0.61-1.38) | |||||||
70-503.9 g: 1.06 (0.8-1.39) | ≥70 g: 0.89 (0.33-2.4) | |||||||
≥504 g: 1.52 (1.06-2.19) |  |