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Table 8 Early life urban exposure and risk of developing obesity in adulthood

From: Early life urban exposure as a risk factor for developing obesity and impaired fasting glucose in later adulthood: results from two cohorts in Thailand

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

Adjusted OR for obesity (95 % CI) and p-value

Adjusted OR for obesity (95 % CI) and p-value

Adjusted OR for obesity (95 % CI) and p-value

CMU Health Worker study:

   

 Early Life Residence at age 5

   

 Rural

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Urban

1.43 (1.01 to 2.02) p = 0.04

1.45 (1.00 to 2.22) p = 0.05

1.44 (0.97 to 2.13) p = 0.07

 Residence at age 20

   

 Rural

--

Reference

Reference

 Urban

--

0.91 (0.48 to 1.74) p = 0.79

0.95 (0.49 to 1.82) p = 0.87

Thai Cohort Study (TCS):

   

 Early Life Residence at age 10-12

   

 Rural

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Urban

1.16 (1.13 to 1.30) p < 0.01

1.13 (1.12 to 1.31) p < 0.01

1.12 (1.09 to 1.28) p = 0.01

 Residence in 2005

   

 Rural

--

Reference

Reference

 Urban

--

0.99 (0.90 to 1.08) p = 0.81

0.98 (0.89 to 1.08) p = 0.66

 Residence in 2009

   

 Rural

--

Reference

Reference

 Urban

--

1.09 (0.99 to 1.20) p = 0.07

1.10 (1.00 to 1.21) p = 0.05

  1. BMI at baseline was in 2008 for CMU Health worker study and 2005 for TCS; BMI at follow up was in 2013 for CMU Health Worker study and 2009 for TCS. Obesity defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
  2. Model 1 adjusted odds ratio (OR) for age, sex, baseline BMI
  3. Model 2 adjusted odds ratio for age, sex, baseline BMI and later urban exposure in adulthood; Results from CMU Health worker study was adjusted for urban residence at age 20, Results from TCS adjusted for urban residence in 2005 and 2009
  4. Model 3 Adjusted odds ration for age, sex, baseline BMI later urban exposure (same as model 2) and current household income at follow up