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Table 2 Distribution of demographic characteristics and risk of developing obesity and impaired fasting glucose/diabetes among initially non-obese participants of Chiang Mai University Health Worker Study

From: Early life urban exposure as a risk factor for developing obesity and impaired fasting glucose in later adulthood: results from two cohorts in Thailand

CMU health worker study

Female (N = 1443)

Male (N = 361)

Total (1804)

Mean age in 2008 (sd)

38.4 (8.6)

38.1 (8.3)

38.3 (8.6)

Monthly household income in 2013: (%:n)

   

 <10,000 baht

7.7 (111)

19.9 (72)

10.2 (183)

 10,000-20,000 baht

20.0 (288)

36.3 (131)

23.2 (419)

 20,000-50,000 baht

41.4 (598)

27.4 (99)

38.6 (697)

 >50,000 baht

30.9 (446)

16.3 (59)

28.0 (505)

Early life location at age 5: (%, n)

   

 Rural

44.0 (635)

29.1 (105)

41.0 (740)

 Urban

56.0 (808)

70.9 (256)

59.0 (1,064)

Early adulthood location at age 20 (%, n)

   

 Rural

9.8 (141)

7.8 (28)

9.4(169)

 Urban

90.0 (1,302)

92.2 (333)

90.6 (1,635)

BMI in 2008 (mean, sd)

21.3 (2.2)

22.8 (2.0)

21.6 (2.2)

BMI in 2013 (mean, sd)

22.7 (2.9)

23.9 (2.5)

22.9 (2.9)

Increase in BMI (mean, sd)

1.38 (1.9)

1.10 (1.8)

1.32 (1.9)

Developed obesity (BMI ≥25) by 2009 (%, n)

12.8 (185)

16.6 (60)

13.6 (245)

Fasting glucose in 2008a (mean, sd)

84.5 (8.9)

87.2 (9.2)

85.0 (9.0)

Fasting glucose in 2013a (mean, sd)

90.1 (8.4)

94.7 (12.6)

91.1 (9.6)

Increase in fasting glucosea (mean, sd)

5.63 (9.9)

7.53 (12.4)

6.03 (10.5)

Developed impaired fasting glucose/diabetesa, (%, n)

8.6 (76)

20.2 (45)

10.9 (121)

  1. BMI body mass index in kg/m2, Fasting glucose in mg/dL; Impaired fasting glucose/diabetes defined as having fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL
  2. aA sample of 885 women and 223 men with fasting glucose measurement