Understanding how environmental enhancement and conservation activities may benefit health and wellbeing: a systematic review

Table 2 Qualitative findings by main overarching theme

Ref	Ref	N.	Method	Quality	Personal achievement	Personal/ social identify	Developing knowledge	Benefits of place	Social contact	Physical benefits	Physical activity	Spirituality	Psychological restoration	Risks/ negatives
Birch 2005	[48]	3	Interviews	Poor	X			X	X		X		X
BTCV 2010	[38]	19	Interviews	Poor	X		X	X	X	X		X	X	X
BTCV 2010	[38]	19	Interviews	Poor	X		X	X	X				X	X
Burls 2007	[34]	11	Focus Groups	Poor	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Carter and O'Brien 2008	[39]	NR	"Qualitative evaluation"	Poor	X	X	X	X	X		X		X
Christie 2004	[49]	18	Interviews	Poor	X	X	X	X	X			X	X	X
Gooch 2005	[35]	85	Interviews	Poor	X	X	X	X	X				X	X
Halpenny and Caissie 2003	[50]	10	Interviews	Good	X			X	X				X
Miller et al. 2002	[37]	30	Focus Groups, ethnographic	Poor	X		X	X	X				X	X
O'Brien et al. 2010	[54]	88	Interviews	Good	X		X	X	X	X		X	X
O'Brien et al. 2011	[53]	10	Ethnographic	Good	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Townsend and Marsh 2004	[52]	18	Interviews	Poor	X		X		X	X	X		X
Townsend and Marsh 2004	[52]	18	Interviews	Poor	X		X	X	X	X	X		X
Townsend 2006	[51]	35	Interviews	Poor	X			X	X		X		X
Wilson 2009	[32]	29	Interviews	Poor	X	X	X	X	X				X	X

ISSN: 1471-2458