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Table 3 Distribution of neighbourhood and individual variables and estimated unadjusted odds ratios (OR) for number of risk behaviors groups at baseline (N = 1057)

From: The different effects of neighbourhood and individual social capital on health-compromising behaviours in women during pregnancy: a multi-level analysis

 

0

1

2

3

Total

ORa

95 % CI

p-value

 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

   

Neighbourhood-level variables

        

Neighbourhood social capital

        

  Low social capital (1st tertile)

121 (31.9)

153 (28.4)

35 (30.2)

7 (30.4)

316 (29.9)

1.31

0.99;1.73

0.058

  Moderate social capital (2nd tertile)

112 (29.6)

198 (36.7)

40 (34.5)

10 (43.5)

360 (34.1)

1.02

0.77;1.37

0.870

  High social capital (3rd tertile)

146 (38.5)

188 (34.9)

41 (35.3)

6 (26.1)

381 (36.0)

1

1

 

 Social class

        

  Low social class (1st tertile)

123 (32.5)

150 (27.8)

36 (31.0)

5 (21.7)

314 (29.7)

1.22

0.92;1.61

0.170

  Moderate social class (2nd tertile)

114 (30.1)

188 (34.9)

39 (33.6)

12 (52.2)

353 (33.4)

0.94

0.70;1.25

0.651

  High social class (3rd tertile)

142 (37.5)

201 (37.3)

41 (35.3)

6 (26.1)

390 (36.9)

1

1

 

Individual -level variables

        

Individual social capital

        

  Social networks

        

   Relatives

        

    0–1 relatives

212 (55.9)

340 (63.1)

79 (68.1)

15 (65.2)

646 (61.1)

1.39

1.10;1.77

0.007

    2 or more relatives

167 (44.1)

199 (36.9)

37 (31.9)

8 (34.8)

411 (38.9)

1

1

 

   Friends

        

    0–1 friends

268 (70.7)

409 (75.9)

88 (75.9)

18 (78.3)

783 (74.1)

1.27

0.97;1.65

0.080

    2 or more friends

111 (29.3)

130 (24.1)

28 (24.1)

5 (21.7

274 (21.7)

1

1

 
 

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

   

Social support (per 10 points)

70.72 (14.06)

67.28 (15.95)

65.63 (16.65)

62.43 (18.46)

67.95 (15.80)

0.82

0.76;0.89

<0.001

Socioeconomic variables

        

Marital status

        

 Married, living with partner

277 (73.1)

384 (71.3)

76 (65.5)

13 (56.6)

750 (71.0)

1

1

 

 Has a partner, not living with him

85 (22.4)

129 (23.9)

29 (25.0)

5 (21.7)

248 (23.4)

1.13

0.86;1.50

0.372

 Single without partner

17 (4.5)

26 (4.8)

11 (9.5)

5 (21.7)

59 (5.6)

2.01

1.20;3.37

0.008

Number of children

        

 1 child

178 (47.0)

250 (46.4)

55 (47.4)

10 (43.5)

493 (46.6)

1

1

 

 2 children

126 (33.2)

152 (28.2)

30 (25.9)

10 (43.5)

318 (30.1)

0.88

0.67;1.16

0.384

 3 or more children

75 (19.8)

137 (25.4)

31 (26.7)

3 (13.0)

246 (23.3)

1.20

0.90;1.62

0.218

Years of schooling

        

 0–4 years

45 (11.9)

79 (14.7)

24 (20.7)

3 (13.0)

151 (14.3)

1.88

1.312.70

<0.001

 5–8 years

147 (38.8)

248 (46.0)

61 (52.6)

13 (56.5)

469 (44.4)

1.70

1.32;2.20

<0.001

 9 years or more

187 (49.3)

212 (39.3)

31 (26.7)

7 (30.4)

437 (41.3)

1

1

 

Family incomeb

        

 0–1 BMW

94 (24.8)

178 (33.0)

37 (31.9)

5 (21.7)

314 (29.7)

1.31

1.01;1.69

0.039

 More than 1 BMW

285 (75.2)

361 (67.0)

79 (78.1)

18 (78.3)

743 (70.3)

1

1

 

Occupational context

        

 No paid work

199 (52.5)

333 (61.8)

85 (73.3)

14 (60.9)

631 (59.7)

1.63

1.28;2.07

<0.001

 Paid work

180 (47.5)

206 (38.2)

31 (26.7)

9 (39.1)

426 (40.3)

1

1

 

Demographic variables

        

Age

        

   13–19

66 (17.4)

121 (22.4)

27 (23.3)

6 (26.1)

220 (20.8)

1.50

1.04;2.16

0.029

   20–30

229 (60.4)

311 (57.7)

71 (61.2)

13 (56.5)

624 (59.0)

1.17

0.87;1.58

0.302

   More than 30

84 (22.2)

107 (19.9)

18 (15.5)

4 (17.4)

213 (20.2)

1

1

 

Ethnicity

        

   White

148 (39.1)

171 (31.7)

36 (31.0)

8 (34.8)

363 (34.3)

1

  

   Brown

152 (40.1)

234 (43.4)

56 (48.3)

8 (37.8)

450 (42.6)

1.30

1.00;1.70

0.052

   Black

79 (20.8)

134 (24.9)

24 (20.7)

7 (30.4)

244 (23.1)

1.32

0.97;1.80

0.083

  1. aOR were estimated using ordered multinomial cumulative logit model. The reference group was ‘No behavioral risk factor’. The coefficients estimated indicated the likelihood of moving into a higher category of the number of risk of behaviors
  2. b1 Brazilian Minimal Wage (BMW) = US$ 178.00 in 2008