Table 2 Multilevel logistic regression results for opposition to the continuation of FGM in Egypt

Constant

−0.139

−0.754***

(−0.776–0.498)

(−1.140–−0.368)

Region (ref: Urban Governorates)

***

***

 Lower-Egypt - Urban

−0.324***

−0.331***

(−0.498–−0.150)

(−0.511–−0.151)

 Lower-Egypt - Rural

−0.919***

−0.937***

(−1.274–−0.564)

(−1.309–−0.565)

 Upper-Egypt - Urban

−0.537***

−0.548***

(−0.657–−0.417)

(−0.662–−0.434)

 Upper-Egypt - Rural

−1.018***

−1.037***

(−1.208–−0.828)

(−1.251–−0.823)

 Frontier Governorates

−0.116

−0.120

(−0.339–0.107)

(−0.349–0.109)

Religion (ref: Muslim)

***

***

 Christian

1.623***

1.665***

(1.396–1.850)

(1.432–1.898)

 Other/missing

−0.132

0.280

(−0.350–0.086)

(−0.002–0.562)

Respondent circumcised

−2.150***

−2.202***

(−2.446–−1.854)

(−2.520–−1.884)

Number of children born

−0.127***

−0.130***

(−0.141–−0.113)

(−0.146–−0.114)

Age

0.023***

0.024***

(0.013–0.033)

(0.014–0.034)

Rural residence

0.076

0.078

(−0.200–0.352)

(−0.208–0.364)

Labor market position (ref: Not working)

***

***

 Professional, technical or managerial occupations

0.157***

0.161***

(0.096–0.218)

(0.094–0.228)

 Clerical

0.243***

0.253***

(0.127–0.359)

(0.139–0.367)

 Sales

−0.132

−0.136

(−0.344–0.080)

(−0.354–0.082)

 Agriculture, self-employed

−0.500***

−0.501***

(−0.706–−0.294)

(−0.721–−0.281)

 Agriculture, employee

−0.543**

−0.540**

(−0.935–−0.151)

(−0.924–−0.156)

 Services

0.256**

0.259**

(0.093–0.419)

(0.098–0.420)

 Skilled manual labor

−0.130

−0.133

(−0.271–0.011)

(−0.276–0.010)

 Other/missing

−0.229

−0.232

(−0.697–0.239)

(−0.698–0.234)

Education level (ref; No formal education)

***

***

 Primary

0.094

0.094

(−0.010–0.198)

(−0.012–0.200)

 Secondary

0.501***

0.508***

(0.232–0.770)

(0.243–0.773)

 Higher

1.138***

1.158***

(0.777–1.499)

(0.809–1.507)

Literacy (ref: Illiterate)

***

***

 Partially literate

0.321***

0.327***

(0.258–0.384)

(0.260–0.394)

 Fully literate

0.552***

0.560***

(0.311–0.793)

(0.299–0.821)

Basic amenities

0.036**

0.037**

(0.012–0.060)

(0.010–0.064)

EDHS wave (ref: 1995)

***

 2000

0.029

(−0.251–0.309)

 2003

0.190

(−0.086–0.466)

 2005

0.691***

(0.658–0.724)

 2008

0.952***

(0.915–0.989)

 2014

1.010***

(0.947–1.073)

var(Constante)

0.100*

0.000

(0.016–0.184)

(0.000–0.000)