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Table 3 Associations between parental chronic pain and self-esteem, social competence, and family cohesion in adolescents Linear regression

From: Associations between parental chronic pain and self-esteem, social competence, and family cohesion in adolescent girls and boys – family linkage data from the HUNT study

  

Maternal chronic pain

Paternal chronic pain

Concurrent maternal and paternal chronic pain

 

n a

b 95 % CI

p

b 95 % CI

p

b 95 % CI

p

Self-esteemb

       

Girls

       

 Unadjusted

1508

−0.12 [−0.19, −0.04]

.003

−0.06 [−0.14, 0.02]

.127

−0.17 [−0.29, −0.06]

.003

 Adjustedc

1501

−0.10 [−0.17, −0.02]

.014

−0.04 [−0.12, 0.04]

.279

−0.14 [−0.26, −0.03]

.016

Boys

       

 Unadjusted

1504

0.02 [−0.05, 0.09]

.605

−0.02 [−0.10, 0.06]

.627

−0.04 [−0.14, 0.07]

.512

 Adjusted

1495

0.03 [−0.04, 0.11]

.378

−0.01 [−0.09, 0.07]

.803

−0.01 [−0.11, 0.10]

.930

Parental chronic pain × child sexc

 

.016

 

.564

 

.086

Social competenced

       

Girls

       

 Unadjusted

1492

−0.07 [−0.17, 0.04]

.203

−0.03 [−0.14, 0.08]

.619

−0.24 [−0.40, −0.08]

.003

 Adjusted

1489

−0.07 [−0.17, 0.04]

.213

−0.02 [−0.13, 0.09]

.687

−0.24 [−0.40, −0.08]

.004

Boys

       

 Unadjusted

1484

0.12 [0.02, 0.22]

.019

−0.01 [−0.13, 0.10]

.858

0.13 [−0.01, 0.28]

.076

 Adjusted

1475

0.12 [0.02, 0.22]

.018

−0.01 [−0.13, 0.10]

.849

0.14 [−0.01, 0.29]

.070

Parental chronic pain × child sexc

 

.011

 

.888

 

.001

Family cohesiond

       

Girls

       

 Unadjusted

1504

−0.08 [−0.18, 0.02]

.130

−0.11 [−0.22, −0.00]

.042

−0.24 [−0.40, −0.09]

.002

 Adjusted

1497

−0.06 [−0.17, 0.04]

.232

−0.10 [−0.20, 0.01]

.081

−0.22 [−0.37, −0.06]

.007

Boys

       

 Unadjusted

1485

0.02 [−0.08, 0.12]

.683

0.05 [−0.06, 0.16]

.340

−0.02 [−0.17, 0.12]

.751

 Adjusted

1497

0.03 [−0.07, 0.13]

.515

0.06 [−0.05, 0.17]

.304

0.01 [−0.15, 0.15]

.938

Parental chronic pain × child sexc

 

.189

 

.149

 

.041

  1. aAll n are reported for complete cases, and the results are based on MI bRosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, range from 1 to 4, where a high score indicates high self-esteem cAdjusted for child age and maternal and paternal education dResilience Scale for Adolescents (READ), range from 1 to 5, where a high score indicates high social competence and family cohesion