Characteristics | Total, n = 3133 | Male, n = 996 | Female, n = 2137 |
---|---|---|---|
 | (31.8 %) | (68.2 %) | |
Demographic | Â | Â | Â |
 Age, mean ± SD | 54.0 ± 9.25 | 53.8 ± 9.52 | 54.2 ± 9.13 |
  35-44 | 620 (19.8) | 210 (21.1) | 410 (19.2) |
  45-54 | 830 (26.5) | 259 (26.0) | 571 (26.7) |
  55-64 | 1278 (40.8) | 387 (38.9) | 891 (41.7) |
  65-70 | 405 (12.9) | 140 (14.1) | 265 (12.4) |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â |
 Total | 3114 | 991 | 2123 |
 Never smoker | 1625 (52.2) | 264 (26.6) | 1361 (64.1)a |
 Current smoker | 917 (29.4) | 456 (46) | 461 (21.7)a |
 Ex-smoker | 572 (18.4) | 271 (27.3) | 301 (14.2)a |
Socioeconomic status | Â | Â | Â |
 Total | 3114 | 991 | 2123 |
 Total scoreb, mean ± SD | 10.71 ± 2.52 | 10.81 ± 2.58 | 10.68 ± 2.49 |
Occupational hazard | 2912 | 934 | 1978 |
 Working at dusty job > 1 year | 854 (29.3) | 361 (38.7) | 493 (24.9)a |
 Exposed to gas or chemical fumes | 782 (26.9) | 349 (37.4) | 433 (21.9)a |
Indoor exposure to biomass fuels | Â | Â | Â |
 Gas stove use | 3114 | 991 | 2123 |
 None | 1023 (32.9) | 329 (33.2) | 694 (32.7) |
 Lower use (1–6 times/week) | 171 (5.5) | 103 (10.4) | 68 (3.2)a |
 Higher use (>7 times/week) | 1920 (67.1) | 559 (56.4) | 1361 (64.1)a |
 Wood/coal stove use | 3113 | 991 | 2123 |
 None | 2325 (74.7) | 705 (71.1) | 1620 (76.3) |
 Lower use (1–6 times/week) | 535 (17.2) | 204 (20.6) | 331 (15.6)a |
 Higher use (>7 times/week) | 253 (8.1) | 82 (8.3) | 171 (8.1) |
Current respiratory diseases (means by patient) | 3059 | 967 | 2092 |
 COPD | 43 (1.4) | 21 (2.2) | 22 (1.1) |
 Asthma | 179 (5.9) | 23 (2.4) | 156 (7.5)a |
 Emphysema | 11 (0.4) | 8 (0.8) | 3 (0.1)a |
 Chronic bronchitis | 322 (10.5) | 91 (9.4) | 231 (11.0) |