Does a reduction in alcohol use by Dutch high school students relate to higher use of tobacco and cannabis?

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Prevalence of alcohol use, smoking and cannabis use among students (aged 13–16) in 2005 and 2009 by age and by educational level (%)

			Age						Educational level		High HAVO/VWO
		13	14		15		16		Low VMBO
	2005	2009^b	2005	2009^b	2005	2009^b	2005	2009^b	2005	2009^c	2005	2009^c
	N = 655	N = 662	N = 341	N = 315	N = 525	N = 753	N = 333	N = 397	N = 773	N = 824	N = 1,081	N = 1,261
Alcohol
Last month	42.9	14.6^a	51.0	29.4^a	78.5	58.5^a	83.5	76.4^a	64.2	43.2^a	60.1	32.0^a
Last month binge drinking^d	17.8	7.3^a	30.6	19.2^a	53.0	35.1^a	65.5	54.9^a	44.5	34.2^a	34.5	17.4^a
Last month been drunk or tipsy	10.5	2.8^a	19.3	9.3^a	44.8	26.6^a	54.3	42.2^a	32.2	22.6^a	28.0	12.3^a
Smoking
Weekly	6.4	3.2^a	12.0	10.6	16.8	13.0	26.1	26.3	21.9	17.6^a	8.2	7.1
Daily	4.1	2.1^a	8.8	7.2	11.8	8.9	18.3	18.8	16.2	12.6^a	5.1	4.7
Cannabis
Lifetime prevalence	6.3	4.4	15.9	9.8^a	31.6	21.9^a	41.9	34.3^a	25.6	19.1^a	18.7	12.3^a
Last month	3.3	1.8	6.9	6.1	12.8	10.2	21.5	16.0	11.0	10.6	9.1	5.4^a

^asignificant difference between the 2005 and 2009 survey: p <0.05, ^badjusted for gender and educational level, ^cadjusted for gender and age, ^dbinge drinking: five or more glasses of alcohol per occasion

ISSN: 1471-2458