Table 1 Anthropometry, body fat distribution and metabolic risk factors in South African young adults

Anthropometry

  Weight (kg)

62.4 ± 10.9

60.6 ± 14.0

0.5

  Height (cm)

172.0 ± 6.0

160.0 ± 5.0

<0.0001

  BMI (kg/m²)

21.1 ± 3.6

23.6 ± 5.5

0.02

  Waist circumference (cm)

74.8 ± 9.4

79.8 ± 11.6

0.04

  Hip circumference (cm)

91.4 ± 12.0

100.3 ± 12.7

0.002

MRI^a

  VAT^b (cm²)

12.5 ± 9.0

16.6 ± 8.3

0.04

  SCAT^c (cm²)

59.9 (35.9: 84.6)

164.0 (117.0; 266.9)

0.0001

  VAT/(VAT + SCAT) (%)

15.0 (10.0; 20.0)

7.4 (5.7; 11.5)

<0.0001

DXA ^d

  Total fat (%)

12.7 (10.8; 15.0)

33.1 (26.4; 36.5)

0.0001

  Total fat mass (kg)

7.0 (6.2; 9.5)

17.6 (14.0; 25.0)

0.0001

Metabolic variables

  Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.6 (3.0; 4.0)

3.6 (3.2; 4.3)

0.7

  LDL (mmol/L)

1.9 (1.4; 2.4)

2.0 (1.4; 2.4)

0.9

  HDL (mmol/L)

1.3 (1.1;1.4)

1.3 (1.2; 1.5)

0.2

  Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.66 (0.51; 0.77)

0.63 (0.54; 0.76)

0.9

  Fasting insulin μIU/mL

6.5 (4.1; 10.4)

11.6 (7.4; 12.9)

0.001

  Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.2 (4.8; 5.5)

5.0 (4.7; 5.4)

0.5

  Systolic BP (mmHg)

125.0 ± 10.1

114.6 ± 11.0

<0.0001

  Diastolic BP (mmHg)

71.9 ± 7.5

70.5 ± 7.9

0.5

Metabolic traits

  HOMA-IR

1.4 (0.9; 2.4)

2.5 (1.7;3.2)

0.002

  Metabolic risk factor score

−0.3 (−1.6; 1.5)

0.3 (−1.7; 1.5)

0.9