Table 1 Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of the study subjects

Weight (kg)

84.6 ± 15.0

86.8 ± 17.3

84.1 ± 14.5

87.6 ± 16.2

84.5 ± 15.1

83.4 ± 14.1

Waist circumference (cm)

96 ± 12

99 ± 14

96 ± 12

101 ± 13

96 ± 12

93 ± 11^*

Waist-hip ratio

0.94 ± 0.07

0.97 ± 0.08^*

0.94 ± 0.06

0.97 ± 0.08

0.95 ± 0.06

0.92 ± 0.06^***

Sagittal abdominal diameter (cm)

22 ± 4

23 ± 4

22 ± 3

23 ± 4

22 ± 4

20 ± 3^*

Blood pressure (mmHg)

Systolic

129 ± 17

132 ± 17

129 ± 17

130 ± 18

130 ± 18

126 ± 13

Diastolic

77 ± 10

77 ± 11

77 ± 10

78 ± 11

77 ± 10

76 ± 8

Heart rate (bpm)

64 ± 10

67 ± 10^*

64 ± 10

69 ± 10

64 ± 10

60 ± 8^***

Plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.5 ± 1.3

5.9 ± 2.0^*

5.4 ± 1.1

5.9 ± 2.0

5.9 ± 2.0

5.9 ± 2.0

Serum cholesterol (mmol/L)

Total

6.01 ± 1.11

6.20 ± 1.22

5.96 ± 1.07

6.18 ± 1.24

6.02 ± 1.15

5.91 ± 0.85

LDL

4.02 ± 0.93

4.17 ± 1.08

4.02 ± 0.93

4.10 ± 1.01

4.08 ± 1.00

3.94 ± 0.79

HDL

1.27 ± 0.36

1.27 ± 0.41

1.27 ± 0.36

1.20 ± 0.32

1.26 ± 0.36

1.36 ± 0.43

Triglycerides^a

1.32 ± 1.06

1.56 ± 0.95^*

1.32 ± 1.06

1.67 ± 1.82

1.36 ± 0.83

1.23 ± 1.19^*

Apolipoproteins (g/L)

ApoB

1.20 ± 0.27

1.27 ± 0.29

1.20 ± 0.27

1.27 ± 0.26

1.22 ± 0.29

1.15 ± 0.23^*

ApoA-I

1.42 ± 0.22

1.42 ± 0.27

1.42 ± 0.22

1.35 ± 0.20

1.42 ± 0.22

1.46 ± 0.26

ApoB/apoA-I ratio

0.87 ± 0.24

0.93 ± 0.28

0.87 ± 0.24

0.97 ± 0.26

0.88 ± 0.24

0.82 ± 0.25^*

Smoking (yes) ^b n, %

89, 23.6

11, 19.6

78, 24.3

11, 28.2

68, 26.2

10, 12.8^f

Cigarette years

333 ± 419

358 ± 391

333 ± 419

499 ± 498

342 ± 412

216 ± 334^***

Alcohol intake (g/day)

17.4 ± 15.8

16.0 ± 14.3

17.4 ± 15.8

19.5 ± 16.4

17.1 ± 16.0

15.2 ± 11.3

PAR^c failure, %

26, 6.9

11, 19.6^***

15, 4.7

4, 10.3

17, 7.0

5, 6.8

Lenght of education (years)

11.8 ± 3.8

12.1 ± 4.0

11.8 ± 3.8

11.4 ± 3.9

11.6 ± 3.7

12.6 ± 4.1