Harmful practices in the management of childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Carter, Emily; Bryce, Jennifer; Perin, Jamie; Newby, Holly

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2127-1

Table 2 Factors associated with harmful practice

From: Harmful practices in the management of childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Level	Factor	Positive association (harmful practice more likely)	Negative association (harmful practice less likely)	No association	No test of significance
Association with fluid curtailment
Episode	Dehydrated (vs not dehydrated)				[57]
	Severe disease	[10]			[57]
	Child vomited (vs did not vomit)	[9]
	Child was anorexic		[11]
	Longer duration of episode		[11]
Child	Older child age		[15]	[12]	[13, 14]
Caregiver	Older maternal age		[12]	[16]
	Higher maternal education		[16]	[12]
	Older maternal age at marriage			[12]
	Caregiver employed		[12]
Household	Live in urban area (vs rural)			[16]	[95]
Association with breastfeeding restriction
Episode	Dehydrated (vs not dehydrated)				[57]
Episode	Severe disease				[57]
Child	Older child age			[12]
Caregiver	Older maternal age		[12]
	Higher maternal education		[12]
	Older maternal age at marriage			[12]
	Caregiver employed			[12]
Household	Live in urban area (vs rural)			[33]	[95]
Association with Food Restriction
Episode	Dehydrated (vs not dehydrated)	[40]			[57]
	Severe disease	[40]			[57]
	Child had fever	[11]
	Child was anorexic	[11]
	ORS use	[41]
	Sought care outside home	[41]
Child	Older child age	[42]		[12]	[13, 14]
Caregiver	Older maternal age			[12, 16]	[90]
	Higher maternal education		[12, 16]		[90]
	Older maternal age at marriage			[12]
	Caregiver employed			[12]
Household	Greater household income				[90]
Household	Live in urban area (vs rural)			[16]	[90, 95]
Association with inappropriate drug use
Episode	Dehydrated (vs not dehydrated)	[60]		[40]	[57]
	Severe disease			[10, 40]	[57]
	Longer disease duration	[63]
	Classification of diarrhea				[81]
	ORS use	[60, 63]			[68]
	Sought care outside home	[11, 41]
Child	Older child age				[13, 14]
Caregiver	Higher maternal education		[64]	[60]
Household	Greater household income			[60, 87]
Household	Live in urban area (vs rural)				[93]

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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