From: Double-burden of malnutrition among the indigenous peoples (Orang Asli) of Peninsular Malaysia
Characteristic | Male | Female | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Community level: nutritional status | n = 455 | n = 526 | N = 981 |
Adults | |||
Weight (kg) (Mean ± SD) | 57.9 ± 11.7 | 50.0 ± 12.7 | 53.7 ± 12.9 |
Height (cm) (Mean ± SD) | 159.1 ± 6.5 | 147.7 ± 6.2 | 153.0 ± 8.5 |
Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) (Mean ± SD) | 22.8 ± 4.1 | 22.8 ± 4.9 | 22.8 ± 4.6 |
 Underweight (< 18.50) | 38 (8.4) | 89 (16.9) | 127 (12.9) |
 Normal (18.50–24.99) | 310 (68.1) | 294 (55.9) | 604 (61.6) |
 Overweight (25.00–29.99) | 80 (17.6) | 101 (19.2) | 181 (18.5) |
 Obese (≥ 30.00) | 27 (5.9) | 42 (8.0) | 69 (7.0) |
Mothers of children below 5 years |  |  | N = 205 |
Weight (kg) (Mean ± SD) |  |  | 52.0 ± 11.0 |
Height (cm) (Mean ± SD) |  |  | 148.7 ± 4.9 |
Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) |  |  | 23.5 ± 4.3 |
 Underweight (< 18.50) |  |  | 14 (6.8) |
 Normal (18.50–24.99) |  |  | 128 (62.4) |
 Overweight (25.00–29.99) |  |  | 49 (23.9) |
 Obese (≥ 30.00) |  |  | 14 (6.9) |
Children below 5 years | n = 162 | n = 142 | N = 304 |
Weight-for-age (WAZ) (Mean ± SD) | −2.0 ± 1.2 | −1.7 ± 1.1 | −1.9 ± 1.2 |
 Severe underweight(< −3.0 SD) | 32 (19.8) | 24 (16.9) | 56 (18.4) |
 Moderate underweight (−3.0 to < −2.0 SD) | 56 (34.6) | 36 (25.4) | 92 (30.3) |
 Normal (−2.0 to 2.0 SD) | 74 (45.7) | 82 (57.7) | 156 (51.3) |
Height-for-age (HAZ) (Mean ± SD) | −2.5 ± 1.3 | −2.3 ± 1.2 | −2.4 ± 1.2 |
 Severe stunting (< −3.0 SD) | 55 (34.0) | 34 (23.9) | 89 (29.3) |
 Moderate stunting (−3.0 to < −2.0 SD) | 54 (33.3) | 52 (36.6) | 106 (34.9) |
 Normal (−2.0 to 2.0 SD) | 53 (32.7) | 56 (39.4) | 109 (35.9) |
Body mass index-for-age (BAZ) (Mean ± SD) | −0.6 ± 1.1 | −0.6 ± 1.1 | −0.6 ± 1.1 |
 Severe thinness (< −3.0 SD) | 4 (2.5) | 2 (1.4) | 6 (2.0) |
 Moderate thinness (−3.0 to < −2.0 SD) | 18 (11.1) | 12 (8.5) | 30 (9.9) |
 Normal (−2.0 to < 1.0 SD) | 133 (82.1) | 119 (83.8) | 252 (82.9) |
 At risk overweight (1.0 to < 2.0 SD) | 5 (3.1) | 7 (4.9) | 12 (3.9) |
 Overweight (2.0 and above) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (1.4) | 4 (1.3) |
Household level: classification of nutritional status of mother-child pairs | N = 160 | ||
BMImother vs. WAZchild | Â | Â | Â |
 NWM/NWC |  |  | 41 (25.6) |
 OWOBM/UWC |  |  | 20 (12.5) |
 OWOBM/NWC |  |  | 34 (21.3) |
 UWM/UWC |  |  | 7 (4.4) |
 UWM/NWC |  |  | 2 (1.3) |
 NWM/UWC |  |  | 56 (35.0) |
BMImother vs. HAZchild | Â | Â | Â |
 NWM/NHC |  |  | 20 (12.5) |
 OWOBM/STC |  |  | 31 (19.4) |
 OWOBM/NHC |  |  | 23 (14.4) |
 UWM/STC |  |  | 7 (4.4) |
 UWM/NHC |  |  | 2 (1.3) |
 NWM/STC |  |  | 77 (48.1) |
BMImother vs. WAZ/HAZchild | Â | Â | Â |
 NWM/NWNHC |  |  | 17 (10.6)) |
 OWOBM/UWSTC |  |  | 32 (20.0) |
 OWOBM/NWNHC |  |  | 22 (13.8) |
 UWM/UWSTC |  |  | 8 (5.0) |
 UWM/NWNHC |  |  | 1 (0.6) |
 NWM/UWSTC |  |  | 80 (50.0) |