Table 3 Association between HLQ scores and demographic characteristics

Sex

Male

3.26 (0.54)

2.98 (0.55)

2.99 (0.50)

3.10 (0.55)

2.74 (0.56)

4.04 (0.59)

3.85 (0.63)

3.67 (0.67)

3.81 (0.69)

n = 296

n = 296

n = 295

n = 296

n = 294

n = 293

n = 294

n = 292

n = 294

Female

3.19 (0.53)

2.97 (0.54)

3.05 (0.49)

2.99 (0.55)

2.81 (0 53)

3.93 (0.74)

3.82 (0.70)

3.65 (0.79)

3.89 (0.77)

n = 505

n = 505

n = 504

n = 504

n = 502

n = 498

n = 500

n = 499

n = 499

0.12 (−0.02, 0.27)

0.02 (−0.12, 0.16)

−0.11 (−0.26, 0.03)

0.19 (0.05, 0.33)

−0.14 (−0.28, 0.01)

0.16 (0.02, 0.30)

0.05 (−0.09, 0.19)

0.02 (−0.12, 0.16)

−0.11 (−0.25, 0.03)

Age group

<65 yr

3.23 (0.57)

2.93 (0.59)

2.95 (0.50)

2.94 (0.58)

2.80 (0.55)

3.92 (0.73)

3.74 (0.71)

3.65 (0.73)

3.86 (0.74)

n = 181

n = 181

n = 181

n = 181

n = 181

n = 179

n = 179

n = 179

n = 179

≥65 yr

3.21 (0.53)

2.99 (0.53)

3.05 (0.50)

3.06 (0.55)

2.77 (0.54)

4.00 (0.67)

3.86 (0.66)

3.66 (0.75)

3.87 (0.73)

n = 605

n = 604

n = 604

n = 604

n = 600

n = 596

n = 599

n = 596

n = 598

−0.02 (−0.19, 0.15)

0.12 (−0.04, 0.29)

0.20 (0.03, 0.37)

0.22 (0.06, 0.39)

−0.05 (−0.22, 0.11)

0.12 (−0.05, 0.28)

0.18 (0.01, 0.34)

0.01 (−0.15, 0.18)

0.02 (−0.14, 0.19)

Completed secondary education

No

3.19 (0.53)

2.97 (0.54)

2.99 (0.51)

3.02 (0.54)

2.71 (0.53)

3.95 (0.68)

3.81 (0.67)

3.56 (0.79)

3.75 (0.78)

n = 375

n = 375

n = 374

n = 375

n = 374

n = 371

n = 373

n = 372

n = 373

Yes

3.23 (0.55)

2.99 (0.55)

3.05 (0.49)

3.04 (0.57)

2.84 (0.54)

3.99 (0.70)

3.84 (0.68)

3.74 (0.69)

3.95 (0.69)

n = 436

n = 435

n = 435

n = 435

n = 432

n = 427

n = 428

n = 426

n = 427

0.09 (−0.05, 0.22)

0.04 (−0.10, 0.18)

0.13 (−0.01, 0.26)

0.05 (−0.09, 0.19)

0.25 (0.11, 0.39)

0.06 (−0.08, 0.20)

0.04 (−0.10, 0.18)

0.25 (0.11, 0.39)

0.28 (0.14, 0.41)

Health insurance

No

3.21 (0.51)

2.98 (0.53)

2.98 (0.49)

3.00 (0.55)

2.78 (0.54)

3.95 (0.71)

3.80 (0.71)

3.62 (0.79)

3.79 (0.79)

n = 495

n = 495

n = 493

n = 494

n = 491

n = 487

n = 487

n = 485

n = 487

Yes

3.23 (0.58)

2.98 (0.57)

3.10 (0.51)

3.08 (0.56)

2.79 (0.53)

4.00 (0.66)

3.88 (0.61)

3.72 (0.66)

3.99 (0.64)

n = 297

n = 297

n = 297

n = 297

n = 296

n = 293

n = 296

n = 295

n = 295

−0.03 (−0.18, 0.11)

−0.01 (−0.15, 0.14)

−0.23 (−0.37, −0.09)

−0.16 (−0.30, −0.01)

−0.02 (−0.16, 0.13)

−0.06 (−0.21, 0.08)

−0.13 (−0.27, 0.02)

−0.13 (−0.27, 0.01)

−0.27 (−0.12, −0.41)

Born in Australia

No

3.15 (0.53)

2.94 (0.55)

3.03 (0.47)

2.98 (0.56)

2.78 (0.58)

3.83 (0.77)

3.71 (0.75)

3.53 (0.84)

3.69 (0.84)

n = 262

n = 262

n = 260

n = 261

n = 260

n = 259

n = 260

n = 259

n = 260

Yes

3.25 (0.54)

2.99 (0.54)

3.02 (0.51)

3.06 (0.55)

2.78 (0.52)

4.04 (0.64)

3.88 (0.63)

3.71 (0.69)

3.94 (0.68)

n = 541

n = 540

n = 541

n = 541

n = 538

n = 533

n = 535

n = 533

n = 534

−0.18 (−0.33, −0.03)

−0.10 (−0.25, 0.05)

0.02 (−0.13, 0.17)

−0.13 (−0.28, 0.01)

−0.01 (−0.16, 0.14)

−0.32 (−0.46, −0.17)

−0.26 (−0.41, −0.11)

−0.24 (−0.39, −0.09)

−0.33 (−0.48, −0.18)

English spoken at home

No

3.04 (0.49)

2.81 (0.62)

2.99 (0.49)

2.87 (0.55)

2.79 (0.60)

3.37 (0.92)

3.39 (0.88)

3.18 (0.93)

3.16 (0.93)

n = 73

n = 73

n = 73

n = 73

n = 73

n = 72

n = 73

n = 73

n = 73

Yes

3.24 (0.53)

3.00 (0.53)

3.03 (0.49)

3.06 (0.55)

2.79 (0.53)

4.03 (0.63)

3.87 (0.63)

3.70 (0.71)

3.93 (0.69)

n = 721

n = 720

n = 720

n = 720

n = 717

n = 715

n = 718

n = 715

n = 717

−0.37 (−0.61, −0.12)

−0.35 (−0.59, −0.11)

−0.10 (−0.34, 0.14)

−0.33 (−0.57, −0.09)

0.01 (−0.23, 0.25)

−1.00 (−1.24, −0.75)

−0.72 (−0.97, −0.48)

−0.71 (−0.96, −0.47)

−1.09 (−1.33, −0.84)

Number of chronic conditions

<4

3.21 (0.53)

3.00 (0.54)

3.03 (0.49)

3.06 (0.54)

2.78 (0.55)

4.00 (0.69)

3.86 (0.67)

3.68 (0.73)

3.87 (0.76)

n = 536

n = 535

n = 535

n = 535

n = 532

n = 528

n = 530

n = 527

n = 530

≥4

3.22 (0.56)

2.91 (0.55)

3.00 (0.49)

2.95 (0.58)

2.78 (0.51)

3.90 (0.68)

3.73 (0.65)

3.58 (0.76)

3.82 (0.70)

n = 252

n = 252

n = 252

n = 252

n = 251

n = 249

n = 250

n = 250

n = 249

−0.03 (−0.18, 0.12)

0.18 (0.03, 0.33)

0.06 (−0.09, 0.21)

0.21 (0.06, 0.36)

−0.00 (−0.15, 0.15)

0.14 (−0.01, 0.29)

0.20 (0.05, 0.35)

0.13 (−0.02, 0.28)

0.08 (−0.07, 0.23)

Lives alone

No

3.21 (0.54)

2.96 (0.53)

3.00 (0.48)

3.09 (0.52)

2.79 (0.53)

3.97 (0.69)

3.82 (0.68)

3.66 (0.72)

3.86 (0.73)

n = 440

n = 440

n = 439

n = 439

n = 437

n = 437

n = 439

n = 438

n = 438

Yes

3.22 (0.54)

3.00 (0.55)

3.06 (0.50)

2.96 (0.59)

2.77 (0.54)

3.98 (0.68)

3.83 (0.67)

3.65 (0.78)

3.86 (0.74)

n = 336

n = 335

n = 335

n = 336

n = 334

n = 333

n = 335

n = 332

n = 335

−0.02 (−0.16, 0.13)

−0.07 (−0.21, 0.07)

−0.13 (−0.27, 0.01)

0.25 (0.11, 0.39)

0.05 (−0.09, 0.19)

−0.03 (−0.17, 0.12)

−0.02 (−0.16, 0.12)

0.02 (−0.13, 0.16)

−0.00 (−0.15, 0.14)

Lives in rural area

No

3.21 (0.51)

2.97 (0.53)

3.02 (0.50)

3.04 (0.55)

2.78 (0.53)

3.96 (0.70)

3.83 (0.67)

3.63 (0.76)

3.84 (0.76)

n = 642

n = 641

n = 640

n = 641

n = 637

n = 637

n = 634

n = 632

n = 633

Yes

3.22 (0.62)

3.01 (0.58)

3.04 (0.49)

3.01 (0.56)

2.81 (0.55)

4.00 (0.65)

3.81 (0.67)

3.74 (0.69)

3.91 (0.69)

n = 169

n = 169

n = 169

n = 169

n = 169

n = 167

n = 167

n = 166

n = 167

−0.03 (−0.20, 0.14)

−0.07 (−0.24, 0.10)

−0.05 (−0.22, 0.12)

0.04 (−0.13, 0.21)

−0.07 (−0.24, 0.10)

−0.05 (−0.22, 0.12)

0.02 (−0.15, 0.19)

−0.15 (−0.32, 0.02)

−0.09 (−0.26, 0.08)