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Table 4 Relative difference in sleep indicators between groups at 3-month follow-up for participants sleeping ≥6 hours/night

From: Examining the influence of a text message-based sleep and physical activity intervention among young adult smokers in the United States

Sleep measure

Baseline mean (SD)

12-week follow-up mean (SD)

Unadjusted difference β (95 % CI)a

P-value

Adjusted difference β (95 % CI)b

P-value

Sleep quantity on work/school nights (hours/night)

 Sleep/activity group

6.62 (0.90)

6.59 (0.95)

−0.006 (−0.467, 0.456)

0.98

0.001 (−0.481, 0.483)

1.00

 Smoking cessation group

7.09 (0.90)

6.87 (1.18)

Sleep quantity on non-work/non-school nights (hours/night)

 Sleep/activity group

8.34 (1.54)

8.45 (1.90)

−0.027 (−0.780, 0.726)

0.94

0.027 (−0.719, 0.774)

0.94

 Smoking cessation group

8.53 (1.83)

8.55 (1.68)

Sleep quality scorec

 Sleep/activity group

16.59 (4.55)

15.03 (4.12)

0.517 (−1.305, 2.339)

0.57

0.468 (−1.395, 2.332)

0.62

 Smoking cessation group

16.32 (5.52)

14.43 (4.34)

  1. SD Standard deviation, CI Confidence interval
  2. n = 82
  3. aAdjusted for baseline sleep
  4. bAdjusted for baseline sleep, change in physical activity, smoking status at follow-up, daily text messaging usage, sex, educational attainment, and race
  5. cSleep quality was assessed using 8 self-report items adapted from the PSQI; scores were the sum of participants' quantified responses for each item, with higher scores being indicative of poorer sleep quality (possible scores ranged from 8 to 32)