Table 1 Characteristics of the population used in the study
Area | Sex | No. | Age (mean, range) | UCd (μg/g cr) (GM, range) | Uβ2-MG (μg/g cr) (GM, range) | UCd > 5 (%)a | Uβ2-MG > 1000 (%)a | UCd > 5 & Uβ2-MG > 1000 (%)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gansu | Male | 663 | 59.23 (35–87) | 4.44 ± 2.47 (0.10 ~ 36.79) | 660.87 (5.01–2911.50) | 47.7 | 29.6 | 21.9 |
Hubei | 724 | 60.45 (35–89) | 4.69 ± 1.97 (0.21 ~ 33.32) | 724.27 (2.42–5087.62) | 46.4 | 38.8 | 23.8 | |
Guizhou | 548 | 59.26 (36–89) | 6.60 ± 2.18 (0.08 ~ 56.99) | 310.25 (6.50–4603.32) | 67.7 | 19.5 | 17.0 | |
Guangdong | 321 | 62.39 (35–89) | 4.06 ± 1.93 (0.81 ~ 24.86) | 435.90 (0.76–2554.98) | 33.6 | 29.3 | 11.8 | |
Yunnan | 459 | 61.13 (35–89) | 4.37 ± 2.08 (0.56 ~ 31.96) | 793.84 (4.91–5272.68) | 36.4 | 42.7 | 20.5 | |
Gansu | Female | 833 | 60.42 (35–89) | 4.34 ± 2.64 (0.11 ~ 48.47) | 654.79 (14.92–3320.68) | 47.8 | 28.8 | 20.2 |
Hubei | 841 | 60.72 (35–89) | 4.84 ± 2.02 (0.17 ~ 42.05) | 727.56 (5.59–4527.47) | 49.9 | 40.3 | 27.5 | |
Guizhou | 691 | 58.53 (35–89) | 6.50 ± 2.26 (0.05 ~ 57.27) | 348.03 (3.46–5926.02) | 67.9 | 30.7 | 25.6 | |
Guangdong | 415 | 61.17 (35–89) | 3.94 ± 2.12 (0.13 ~ 45.62) | 474.92 (1.55–3216.06) | 36.6 | 31.6 | 18.3 | |
Yunnan | 608 | 56.38(35–88) | 4.76 ± 2.25 (0.07 ~ 47.90) | 745.64 (14.97–5645.35) | 44.6 | 41.3 | 24.8 | |
All regions | Male | 2715 | 60.26 (35–89) | 4.82 (0.08–56.99) | 570.86 (0.76–5272.68) | 47.8 | 32.2 | 20.0 |
Female | 3388 | 59.48 (35–89) | 4.87 (0.05–57.27) | 581.46 (1.55–5926.02) | 50.5 | 34.6 | 23.7 |