Impact of socioeconomic status and subjective social class on overall and health-related quality of life

Kim, Jae-Hyun; Park, Eun-Cheol

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2014-9

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Adjusted effect of gap between household income or education levels and subjective social class on difference between HRQOL and QOL

From: Impact of socioeconomic status and subjective social class on overall and health-related quality of life

	Difference between HRQOL and QOL
	Household income					Education
	Estimate	SE	95 % CI		P-value	Estimate	SE	95 % CI		P-value
Gap between socioeconomic stratum and subjective social class
HH [High-High]	-3.625	0.944	-5.476	-1.774	0.000	-3.115	1.215	-5.497	-0.732	0.011
HM [High-Mid]	-1.233	0.454	-2.123	-0.344	0.007	0.351	0.565	-0.756	1.458	0.534
HL [High-Low]	2.436	0.595	1.270	3.602	<0.0001	5.398	1.009	3.420	7.375	<.0001
MH [Mid-High]	-2.572	1.907	-6.310	1.167	0.178	-1.559	1.264	-4.035	0.918	0.218
MM [Mid-Mid]	ref					ref
ML [Mid-Low]	4.186	0.473	3.258	5.114	<0.0001	4.155	0.544	3.089	5.222	<.0001
LH [Low-High]	-2.875	1.976	-6.749	0.998	0.146	-1.697	1.417	-4.475	1.081	0.231
LM [Low-Mid]	-0.251	0.549	-1.326	0.824	0.647	0.348	0.430	-0.495	1.190	0.419
LL [Low-Low]	4.796	0.512	3.792	5.800	<0.0001	4.670	0.445	3.799	5.541	<.0001
Age (years)
≤49	ref					ref
50–54	-0.026	0.568	-1.140	1.087	0.963	0.002	0.568	-1.112	1.115	0.998
55–59	-1.881	0.587	-3.031	-0.730	0.001	-1.832	0.587	-2.983	-0.681	0.002
60–64	-2.473	0.611	-3.670	-1.276	<0.0001	-2.422	0.611	-3.619	-1.225	<0.0001
65–69	-2.311	0.656	-3.596	-1.026	0.000	-2.260	0.656	-3.546	-0.975	0.001
70–74	-2.953	0.734	-4.391	-1.514	<0.0001	-2.897	0.734	-4.337	-1.458	<0.0001
≥75	-3.613	0.755	-5.093	-2.133	<0.0001	-3.563	0.756	-5.044	-2.082	<0.0001
Sex
Male	0.304	0.416	-0.511	1.120	0.464	0.296	0.416	-0.520	1.111	0.477
Female	ref					ref
Residential region
Urban	1.716	0.277	1.174	2.259	<0.0001	1.700	0.277	1.157	2.242	<0.0001
Rural	ref					ref
Income (Education)
Low	0.057	0.499	-0.922	1.036	0.917	1.540	0.445	0.668	2.411	0.001
Middle	-0.330	0.478	-1.267	0.608	0.540	1.292	0.362	0.583	2.002	0.000
High	ref					ref
Marital status
Married	-2.179	0.396	-2.955	-1.404	<0.0001	-2.190	0.396	-2.965	-1.414	<0.0001
Single	ref					ref
Employed
Yes	1.504	0.328	0.861	2.147	<0.0001	1.510	0.328	0.867	2.153	<0.0001
No	ref					ref
Smoking status
Never	-1.355	0.432	-2.202	-0.509	0.002	-1.340	0.432	-2.187	-0.493	0.002
Former smoker	-0.848	0.480	-1.788	0.092	0.078	-0.817	0.480	-1.757	0.123	0.089
Smoker	ref					ref
Alcohol use
Yes	1.043	0.346	0.366	1.720	0.003	1.066	0.346	0.389	1.743	0.002
Former user	0.004	0.486	-0.949	0.958	0.993	0.006	0.486	-0.947	0.959	0.990
No	ref					ref
Number of contact with friend
Never	-0.607	0.592	-1.768	0.554	0.306	-0.618	0.593	-1.780	0.543	0.297
3-6 times a year	-0.625	0.522	-1.649	0.399	0.232	-0.628	0.523	-1.652	0.396	0.230
1-2 times a month	0.229	0.386	-0.528	0.986	0.553	0.224	0.386	-0.533	0.981	0.563
1-2 times a week	0.313	0.337	-0.348	0.974	0.354	0.329	0.337	-0.333	0.990	0.330
Every day	ref					ref
Self-rated health
Good	13.221	0.417	12.404	14.038	<0.0001	13.183	0.416	12.366	13.999	<0.0001
Normal	8.858	0.372	8.128	9.588	<0.0001	8.804	0.372	8.076	9.532	<0.0001
Bad	ref					ref
Depressive symptoms
Yes	-0.733	0.566	-1.842	0.376	0.196	-0.696	0.566	-1.805	0.412	0.219
No	ref					ref
Number of chronic diseases
0	1.948	1.080	-0.169	4.065	0.072	1.971	1.080	-0.146	4.088	0.068
1	1.038	1.133	-1.182	3.258	0.360	1.056	1.133	-1.164	3.277	0.351
≥2	ref					ref
Number of offspring
0	3.458	0.848	1.796	5.120	0.000	3.506	0.847	1.845	5.167	<0.0001
1	-0.171	0.527	-1.205	0.862	0.746	-0.174	0.527	-1.208	0.860	0.742
2	ref					ref
3	0.003	0.358	-0.698	0.705	0.992	-0.018	0.358	-0.720	0.683	0.960
4	-0.216	0.482	-1.160	0.728	0.655	-0.228	0.482	-1.173	0.716	0.637
≥5	-1.394	0.528	-2.428	-0.360	0.010	-1.412	0.528	-2.446	-0.377	0.009
Year of survey
2008	-0.136	0.271	-0.666	0.395	0.616	-0.132	0.271	-0.662	0.399	0.627
2010	ref					ref

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