Table 5 Factors in rescuer survival and mortality, n (%)
From: Mortality among drowning rescuers in China, 2013: a review of 225 rescue incidents from the press
Survival | Dead | Chi-Square | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 359 | 55 | ||
Average rescue ranka | 1.5 | 1.3 | 6.7 | <0.01 |
Average number of drowning men in need of rescuea | 1.5 | 1.3 | 10246.5 | 0.08 |
Season | ||||
Spring | 78(21.7) | 13(23.6) | 2.1 | 0.55 |
Summer | 128(35.7) | 24(43.6) | ||
Autumn | 116(32.3) | 13(23.6) | ||
Winter | 37(10.3) | 5(90.1) | ||
Time | ||||
Night | 4(1.2) | 0(0.0) | 1.5 | 0.69 |
Morning | 73(22.3) | 14(27.5) | ||
Afternoon | 193(59.0) | 30(58.8) | ||
Evening | 57(17.4) | 7(13.7) | ||
Location | ||||
River/creek/stream | 228(64.4) | 30(54.6) | 25.1 | <0.01 |
Lake | 47(13.3) | 2(3.6) | ||
Pond | 29(8.2) | 12(21.8) | ||
Ditch | 17(4.8) | 1(1.8) | ||
Other (e.g., reservoir, well, swimming pool) | 17(4.8) | 9(16.4) | ||
Sea/beach | 16(4.5) | 1(1.8) | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 321(86.5) | 50(13.5) | 0.1 | 0.07 |
Female | 36(97.3) | 1(2.7) | ||
Being an adult | ||||
Yes | 307(91.4) | 29(8.6) | 35.9 | <0.01 |
No | 49(65.3) | 26(34.7) | ||
Being a swimmer | ||||
Yes | 228(91.2) | 22(8.8) | 22.8 | <0.01 |
No | 43(68.3) | 20(31.8) | ||
Calling for others’ help when rescuing | ||||
Yes | 45(91.8) | 4(8.2) | 0.9 | 0.35 |
No | 303(85.8) | 50(14.2) | ||
Undressing when rescuing | ||||
Yes | 82(89.1) | 10(10.9) | 0.1 | 0.92 |
No | 221(88.8) | 28(11.2) | ||
Rescue methods | ||||
Pulling on shore | ||||
Yes | 32(94.1) | 2(5.9) | 0.1 | 0.29 |
No | 327(86.1) | 53(13.9) | ||
Pulling in water close to the shore | ||||
Yes | 64(73.6) | 23(26.4) | 16.5 | <0.01 |
No | 295(90.2) | 32(9.8) | ||
Swimming | ||||
Yes | 215(88.1) | 29(11.9) | 1.0 | 0.31 |
No | 144(84.7) | 26(15.3) | ||
Throwing the floats | ||||
Yes | 17(94.4) | 1(5.6) | 0.2 | 0.49 |
No | 342(86.4) | 54(13.6) | ||
Giving an extension | ||||
Yes | 44(97.8) | 1(2.2) | 5.4 | 0.02 |
No | 315(85.4) | 54(14.6) | ||
Pulling by standing on the boat | ||||
Yes | 19(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0.1 | 0.09 |
No | 339(86.0) | 55(14.0) | ||