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Table 4 Effect of age, sex and socioeconomic status on multimorbidity: Odds ratios in univariable, multivariable analysis using a random effects model

From: Multimorbidity and the inequalities of global ageing: a cross-sectional study of 28 countries using the World Health Surveys

 

Univariable

Multivariable

 

Age (OR)

Sex (OR)

Education (OR)

Education (AOR)$

<55 years as reference

Male as reference

primary school as reference

   
 

≥55

 

<primary

secondary

higher

< primary

secondary

higher

Africa

3.3*

0.6*

1.8*

0.8

0.7

1.2**

0.9

0.8

Central & South America

3.0*

0.4*

1.5*

0.7*

0.8***

1.1

0.8***

0.8

Eastern Europe & Central Asia

6.0*

0.6*

1.4***

0.5*

0.5*

1.0

1.0

0.9

South Asia

4.1*

0.7 *

1.7*

0.6*

0.6**

1.2

0.7*

0.6**

South East Asia

3.3*

0.8*

1.4*

0.8*

0.9

1.1

0.9

1

Western Europe

6.0*

0.5*

1.6*

0.4*

0.2*

1.3**

0.7*

0.4*

All regions (MV adjusted for region)

3.7*

0.6*

1.5*

0.7*

0.6*

1.2*

0.9***

0.8*

  1. p-value *** <0.05; ** < 0.01; * <0.001; $Regional multivariable analyses adjusted for age, sex and country; (OR) Unadjusted odds ratio; (AOR) Adjusted odds ratios in multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex and country